{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204777699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","title":"Method, Substance, and Monads: A Narrative Review of Rationalism's Literature --- Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz","display_name":"Method, Substance, and Monads: A Narrative Review of Rationalism's Literature --- Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204777699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22210639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120933120","display_name":"Zen Revista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124990","display_name":"Faculdades Guarulhos","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6maw65","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Revista, Zen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148796428","display_name":"10 PHILOSOPHY","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124990","display_name":"Faculdades Guarulhos","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6maw65","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PHILOSOPHY, 10","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12517","display_name":"Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12517","display_name":"Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rationalism","display_name":"rationalism","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rene-descartes","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Descartes","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baruch-spinoza","display_name":"Spinoza","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz","display_name":"Leibniz","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-method","display_name":"Cartesian method","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cogito","display_name":"cogito","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clear-and-distinct-perception","display_name":"clear and distinct perception","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mind-body-relationship","display_name":"mind-body problem","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-monism","display_name":"substance monism","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occasionalism","display_name":"occasionalism","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monads","display_name":"monads","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-sufficient-reason","display_name":"principle of sufficient reason","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicolas-malebranche","display_name":"Nicolas Malebranche","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critique-of-pure-reason","display_name":"Critique of Pure Reason","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critique-of-rationalism","display_name":"critique of rationalism","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-philosophy","display_name":"history of philosophy","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6337000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180903884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483024","display_name":"Rationalism","level":2,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868608","display_name":"Critical rationalism","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39387531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096708","display_name":"Metatheory","level":2,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22210639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22210640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22210639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22210639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204660383","https://openalex.org/W3194132182","https://openalex.org/W1515645401","https://openalex.org/W1554687327","https://openalex.org/W7107953077","https://openalex.org/W6968563358","https://openalex.org/W576316988","https://openalex.org/W619012908","https://openalex.org/W4283329562","https://openalex.org/W7107956372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rationalism":[0],"is":[1,40,141,181],"philosophy's":[2],"great":[3,184],"experiment":[4],"in":[5,48,77,81,111],"method:":[6],"reason's":[7,153],"instruments":[8,154],"---":[9,18,62,97,151,163],"doubt,":[10],"demonstration,":[11],"and":[12,54,67,69,88,91,101,105,108,121,129,169,177],"the":[13,21,32,45,50,52,55,60,63,65,70,74,95,102,106,109,119,122,130,134,138,144,157,182],"principle":[14],"of":[15,31,35,115,125],"sufficient":[16],"reason":[17],"applied":[19],"until":[20],"world's":[22,158],"architecture":[23],"emerged.":[24],"This":[25],"article":[26],"presents":[27],"a":[28,147],"narrative":[29],"review":[30],"primary":[33],"literature":[34,145],"that":[36,143,152],"experiment.":[37],"The":[38],"synthesis":[39],"organized":[41],"around":[42],"three":[43,175],"themes:":[44],"Cartesian":[46,165],"method,":[47,120],"which":[49,78,112],"Discourse,":[51],"Meditations,":[53],"Cambridge":[56],"philosophical":[57],"writings":[58],"fixed":[59],"foundation":[61],"cogito,":[64],"clear":[66],"distinct,":[68],"mind-body":[71],"problem's":[72],"birth;":[73],"system's":[75],"expansion,":[76],"Spinoza's":[79],"Ethics":[80],"Curley's":[82],"translation,":[83],"Malebranche's":[84],"Search":[85],"After":[86],"Truth,":[87],"Leibniz's":[89],"Monadology":[90],"New":[92],"Essays":[93],"rebuilt":[94],"edifice":[96],"substance":[98],"monism,":[99],"occasionalism,":[100],"monads'":[103],"harmony;":[104],"critique":[107,180],"syntheses,":[110],"Kant's":[113],"Critique":[114],"Pure":[116],"Reason":[117],"answered":[118],"modern":[123],"scholarship":[124],"Cottingham,":[126],"Nadler,":[127],"Garber,":[128],"Frankfurt":[131],"essays":[132],"restored":[133],"rationalists'":[135],"arguments":[136],"to":[137],"canon.":[139],"It":[140],"concluded":[142],"describes":[146],"single":[148],"methodological":[149],"wager":[150],"can":[155],"reach":[156],"structure":[159],"unaided":[160],"by":[161],"sense":[162],"whose":[164,178],"statement,":[166],"Spinozist":[167],"geometry,":[168],"Leibnizian":[170],"calculus":[171],"are":[172],"one":[173],"method's":[174],"lives,":[176],"Kantian":[179],"wager's":[183],"adjudication.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}