{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204766658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","title":"Criminal convergence in the amazon: an analysis of drug trafficking and illegal mining","display_name":"Criminal convergence in the amazon: an analysis of drug trafficking and illegal mining","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204766658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118096098","display_name":"Trends in Organized Crime","issn_l":"1084-4791","issn":["1084-4791","1936-4830"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trends in Organized Crime","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101344994","display_name":"Lucas Barreto Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-5443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-5443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139026","display_name":"Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Ex\u00e9rcito","ror":"https://ror.org/04cfzks03","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139026"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Barreto Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Meira Mattos, Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Ex\u00e9rcito, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-5443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Meira Mattos, Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Ex\u00e9rcito, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063968064","display_name":"T\u00e1ssio Franchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-5560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-5560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139026","display_name":"Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Ex\u00e9rcito","ror":"https://ror.org/04cfzks03","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139026"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T\u00e1ssio Franchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Meira Mattos, Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Ex\u00e9rcito, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-5560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Meira Mattos, Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Ex\u00e9rcito, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063968064","https://openalex.org/A5101344994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139026"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":11.27,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96601018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12936","display_name":"Conflict, Peace, and Violence in Colombia","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13134","display_name":"Latin American Literature Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-trafficking","display_name":"drug trafficking","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-gold-mining","display_name":"illegal gold mining","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amazon","display_name":"Amazon","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organized-crime","display_name":"organized crime","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violent-non-state-actors","display_name":"violent non-state actors","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-system-theory","display_name":"general systems theory","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-approach","display_name":"ecosystem-based management","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illicit-financial-flows","display_name":"illicit financial flows","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territorial-control","display_name":"territorial control","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-laundering","display_name":"money laundering","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-trafficking","display_name":"human trafficking","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-trafficking","display_name":"arms trafficking","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extortion","display_name":"extortion","score":0.8450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27219730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46952","display_name":"Organised crime","level":2,"score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6880999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992106988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844924","display_name":"Drug trafficking","level":2,"score":0.6748999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020689752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844924","display_name":"Illicit drug","level":3,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780005421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151900","display_name":"Money laundering","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118916094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207328","display_name":"Technological convergence","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117660856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964968","display_name":"Criminal investigation","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992490269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83267","display_name":"Criminal behavior","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910942459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83267","display_name":"Criminal behaviour","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118096098","display_name":"Trends in Organized Crime","issn_l":"1084-4791","issn":["1084-4791","1936-4830"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trends in Organized Crime","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12117-026-09615-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118096098","display_name":"Trends in Organized Crime","issn_l":"1084-4791","issn":["1084-4791","1936-4830"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trends in Organized Crime","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204766658.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204766658.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171953030","https://openalex.org/W2583456201","https://openalex.org/W2769764226","https://openalex.org/W2955170764","https://openalex.org/W2985272211","https://openalex.org/W2996164970","https://openalex.org/W3006219906","https://openalex.org/W3015087675","https://openalex.org/W3183473934","https://openalex.org/W4244979539","https://openalex.org/W4249855545","https://openalex.org/W4255428582","https://openalex.org/W4280575899","https://openalex.org/W4282018379","https://openalex.org/W4387447698","https://openalex.org/W4402878159","https://openalex.org/W4405059901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7065648250","https://openalex.org/W7162538830","https://openalex.org/W7011508521","https://openalex.org/W7018400922","https://openalex.org/W6999976138","https://openalex.org/W7120676152","https://openalex.org/W7033665643","https://openalex.org/W4414215560","https://openalex.org/W7162321198","https://openalex.org/W7169579101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2,66,214,234],"examines":[3],"how":[4,136],"drug":[5,40,95,155,187],"trafficking":[6,41,96,156],"and":[7,15,30,39,59,79,94,118,124,140,154,172,201,242],"illegal":[8,37,92,122,151,183],"gold":[9,152],"mining":[10,38,93,123,153,184],"converge":[11],"in":[12,42,50,91,127,245],"the":[13,22,43,51,65,72,99,102,128,144,159,180,213,227,233,237,246],"Amazon":[14],"proposes":[16],"an":[17],"analytical":[18],"framework":[19,131],"to":[20,62,134,236],"systematize":[21],"phenomenon":[23],"of":[24,115,210,222,239],"criminal":[25,77,110,137,161,223,240],"convergence.":[26,224],"Although":[27],"investigative":[28,116],"reports":[29,117],"institutional":[31,119],"diagnoses":[32],"increasingly":[33],"describe":[34],"interactions":[35],"between":[36,74],"Amazon,":[44],"these":[45,231],"dynamics":[46],"remain":[47],"insufficiently":[48],"systematized":[49],"academic":[52],"literature.":[53],"Drawing":[54],"on":[55,109],"General":[56],"Systems":[57],"Theory":[58],"ecosystemic":[60],"approaches":[61],"organized":[63,125,243],"crime,":[64],"asks":[67],"which":[68],"variables":[69,228],"help":[70],"explain":[71],"convergence":[73,111,181],"illicit":[75,169,211],"markets,":[76,212],"actors,":[78,139],"territories.":[80],"The":[81,130,147,175],"study":[82,103,238],"also":[83,177],"identifies":[84],"Violent":[85],"Non-State":[86],"Actors":[87],"(VNSAs)":[88],"simultaneously":[89],"involved":[90],"networks":[97],"across":[98],"Amazon.":[100,129,247],"Methodologically,":[101],"combines":[104],"a":[105,207,220],"systematic":[106],"literature":[107],"review":[108],"with":[112],"content":[113],"analysis":[114,176],"documents":[120],"concerning":[121],"crime":[126,244],"is":[132],"applied":[133],"examine":[135],"activities,":[138],"territories":[141],"interact":[142],"within":[143,158],"Amazonian":[145],"context.":[146],"findings":[148],"suggest":[149],"that":[150,179,216,229],"operate":[157],"same":[160],"ecosystem,":[162],"characterized":[163],"by":[164],"shared":[165],"logistics,":[166],"territorial":[167,199],"control,":[168,200],"financial":[170],"flows,":[171],"operational":[173],"cooperation.":[174],"demonstrates":[178],"surrounding":[182],"extends":[185],"beyond":[186],"trafficking,":[188,195],"incorporating":[189],"activities":[190],"such":[191],"as":[192,219],"extortion,":[193],"arms":[194],"money":[196],"laundering,":[197],"violent":[198],"human":[202],"trafficking.":[203],"Rather":[204],"than":[205],"representing":[206],"simple":[208],"overlap":[209],"argues":[215],"\u201cnarco-mining\u201d":[217],"functions":[218],"system":[221],"By":[225],"systematizing":[226],"organize":[230],"interactions,":[232],"contributes":[235],"ecosystems":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}