{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204765610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","title":"Runoff Coefficient Variability in Green and Bitumen Roof Systems","display_name":"Runoff Coefficient Variability in Green and Bitumen Roof Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204765610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","pdf_url":"https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/7054/2187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3021962178","display_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2476-3055","issn":["2476-3055","2676-6957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361054262","host_organization_name":"Salehan Institute of Higher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361054262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Salehan Institute of Higher Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/7054/2187","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042052867","display_name":"Emil Tsanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-1280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-1280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206451062","display_name":"University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy","ror":"https://ror.org/033cz7157","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Tsanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. 2) Center of Competence \u201cClean Technologies for Sustainable Environment\u2013Water, Waste, Energy for a Circular Economy\u201d"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. 2) Center of Competence \u201cClean Technologies for Sustainable Environment\u2013Water, Waste, Energy for a Circular Economy\u201d","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074018835","display_name":"Dobril Valchev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-2136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-2136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206451062","display_name":"University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy","ror":"https://ror.org/033cz7157","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dobril Valchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. 2) Center of Competence \u201cClean Technologies for Sustainable Environment\u2013Water, Waste, Energy for a Circular Economy\u201d"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-2136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. 2) Center of Competence \u201cClean Technologies for Sustainable Environment\u2013Water, Waste, Energy for a Circular Economy\u201d","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000131701","display_name":"Irina S. Ribarova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9372-0220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9372-0220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206451062","display_name":"University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy","ror":"https://ror.org/033cz7157","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Ribarova","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. 2) Center of Competence \u201cClean Technologies for Sustainable Environment\u2013Water, Waste, Energy for a Circular Economy\u201d"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9372-0220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. 2) Center of Competence \u201cClean Technologies for Sustainable Environment\u2013Water, Waste, Energy for a Circular Economy\u201d","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045097845","display_name":"Valentina Dimova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Dimova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sofiyska Voda Part of Veolia, 159 \"Tsar Boris III\" Blvd., Sofia 1618"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofiyska Voda Part of Veolia, 159 \"Tsar Boris III\" Blvd., Sofia 1618","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"3123","last_page":"3138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12253","display_name":"Urban Agriculture and Sustainability","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runoff-coefficient","display_name":"runoff coefficient","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-roofs","display_name":"green roofs","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-stormwater-management","display_name":"urban stormwater management","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-retention","display_name":"rainfall retention","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antecedent-dry-days","display_name":"antecedent dry days","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation-depth","display_name":"precipitation depth","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-duration","display_name":"rainfall duration","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continental-climate","display_name":"continental climate","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runoff-variability","display_name":"runoff variability","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781098347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48741","display_name":"Green roof","level":3,"score":0.9133999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.8756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.723800003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173051318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421263","display_name":"Stormwater","level":3,"score":0.6732000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204021793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771120","display_name":"Antecedent moisture","level":4,"score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5669000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168056786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251","display_name":"Asphalt","level":2,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122885670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6432882","display_name":"Low-impact development","level":5,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66465714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148989","display_name":"Water balance","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124203675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320048","display_name":"Runoff curve number","level":3,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83419821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137507","display_name":"Rainwater harvesting","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992516717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421263","display_name":"Stormwater management","level":4,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781256819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16828835","display_name":"Antecedent (behavioral psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126933887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4358090","display_name":"Urban runoff","level":4,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986189917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Asphalt pavement","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","pdf_url":"https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/7054/2187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3021962178","display_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2476-3055","issn":["2476-3055","2676-6957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361054262","host_organization_name":"Salehan Institute of Higher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361054262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Salehan Institute of Higher Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2026-012-08-03","pdf_url":"https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/7054/2187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3021962178","display_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2476-3055","issn":["2476-3055","2676-6957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361054262","host_organization_name":"Salehan Institute of Higher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361054262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Salehan Institute of Higher Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7646999955177307}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1147697771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BG16RFPR002-1.014-0015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1164663670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BG16RFPR002-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316123","display_name":"University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy","ror":"https://ror.org/033cz7157"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204765610.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204765610.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006723839","https://openalex.org/W2077563604","https://openalex.org/W2224131762","https://openalex.org/W2587821384","https://openalex.org/W2795301704","https://openalex.org/W2805025082","https://openalex.org/W2956051219","https://openalex.org/W3092069038","https://openalex.org/W3156647539","https://openalex.org/W3160403246","https://openalex.org/W3191427319","https://openalex.org/W4224323580","https://openalex.org/W4313648585","https://openalex.org/W4322757441","https://openalex.org/W4385118605","https://openalex.org/W4385168567","https://openalex.org/W4386574292","https://openalex.org/W4387052722","https://openalex.org/W4389343041","https://openalex.org/W4393166251","https://openalex.org/W4393853069","https://openalex.org/W4396721859","https://openalex.org/W4399539647","https://openalex.org/W4400942998","https://openalex.org/W4403839392","https://openalex.org/W4404261207","https://openalex.org/W4405123094","https://openalex.org/W4407068736","https://openalex.org/W4407752225","https://openalex.org/W4408519114","https://openalex.org/W4411828986","https://openalex.org/W4415978736","https://openalex.org/W4416543934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405963663","https://openalex.org/W2077563604","https://openalex.org/W2181370467","https://openalex.org/W1009858126","https://openalex.org/W1136086799","https://openalex.org/W3133907601","https://openalex.org/W4416543934","https://openalex.org/W7000787493","https://openalex.org/W4361007067","https://openalex.org/W3014531207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,187],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,46,59],"generate":[4],"field-based":[5],"evidence":[6,183],"supporting":[7],"sustainable":[8,198],"urban":[9],"stormwater":[10,199],"management":[11],"under":[12,161],"the":[13,84,91,124,137,152],"continental":[14,162],"climatic":[15,163],"conditions.":[16],"The":[17,77,94,149,180],"runoff":[18,61,108,147,154,178],"behavior":[19],"of":[20,31,37,51,157,177],"a":[21,189],"retrofitted":[22],"green":[23,85,95,125,159,194],"roof":[24,36,86,96,126,195],"was":[25,41,80,117,134],"monitored":[26],"and":[27,64,74,87,105,121,165,170,197],"compared":[28],"with":[29,67,110],"that":[30,167],"an":[32],"adjacent":[33],"conventional":[34],"bitumen":[35,92,138],"identical":[38],"geometry.":[39],"Monitoring":[40],"conducted":[42],"from":[43],"March":[44],"2022":[45],"January":[47],"2024.":[48],"A":[49,114],"total":[50],"34":[52],"rainfall":[53,75,99,168],"events":[54,100],"(3\u201374":[55],"mm)":[56],"were":[57],"analyzed":[58],"evaluate":[60],"coefficients":[62],"(RC)":[63],"their":[65],"relationships":[66],"precipitation":[68,112],"depth,":[69],"antecedent":[70,171],"dry":[71],"days":[72],"(ADD),":[73],"duration.":[76],"average":[78],"RC":[79,120],"0.24":[81],"(0\u20130.84)":[82],"for":[83,90,123,136,192],"0.81":[88],"(0.43\u20131.00)":[89],"roof.":[93,139],"effectively":[97],"retained":[98],"below":[101],"approximately":[102],"10":[103],"mm":[104],"showed":[106],"increasing":[107,111],"variability":[109],"depth.":[113],"moderate":[115],"relationship":[116,133],"observed":[118],"between":[119],"ADD":[122],"(R\u00b2":[127],"=":[128],"0.518),":[129],"whereas":[130],"no":[131,143],"meaningful":[132],"found":[135],"Rainfall":[140],"duration":[141],"had":[142],"significant":[144],"effect":[145],"on":[146],"generation.":[148],"findings":[150],"confirm":[151],"considerable":[153],"reduction":[155],"potential":[156],"extensive":[158],"roofs":[160],"conditions":[164,173],"demonstrate":[166],"depth":[169],"moisture":[172],"are":[174],"key":[175],"controls":[176],"response.":[179],"long-term":[181],"field":[182],"generated":[184],"in":[185],"this":[186],"provides":[188],"sound":[190],"basis":[191],"improving":[193],"design":[196],"management.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
