{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204765111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27","title":"GENETIC MONITORING OF WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING AND ENFORCEMENT DEFICITS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK FOR BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION","display_name":"GENETIC MONITORING OF WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING AND ENFORCEMENT DEFICITS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK FOR BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204765111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4238/ytfnta27","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3811/2405","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3811/2405","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148454350","display_name":"Parveen Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parveen Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research scholar in Lovely professional University and Presently Pursuing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research scholar in Lovely professional University and Presently Pursuing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067307728","display_name":"Neeru Mittal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-0951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-0951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Neeru Mittal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor in School of Law , Lovely Professional university , Phagwara , Punjab- 144401 (India)","North Indian Farming Practices and Agro - Green crimes\" from School of Law , Lovely Professional University , Phagwara , Punjab - 144401 (India)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor in School of Law , Lovely Professional university , Phagwara , Punjab- 144401 (India)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Indian Farming Practices and Agro - Green crimes\" from School of Law , Lovely Professional University , Phagwara , Punjab - 144401 (India)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-wildlife-trade","display_name":"illegal wildlife trade","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-crime","display_name":"environmental crimes","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-criminology","display_name":"green criminology","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement-gaps","display_name":"enforcement gaps","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecocide","display_name":"ecocide","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-conservation","display_name":"biodiversity conservation","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transnational-organized-crime","display_name":"transnational organized crime","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-impunity","display_name":"corporate impunity","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-interference","display_name":"political interference","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-law","display_name":"environmental law","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conviction-rates","display_name":"conviction rates","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777372486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156265","display_name":"Environmental crime","level":2,"score":0.7781000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6642000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777278149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916183","display_name":"Conviction","level":2,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128069549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328798","display_name":"Environmental law","level":2,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479527","display_name":"Environmental justice","level":2,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777989319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597393","display_name":"Illegal logging","level":3,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779202806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467064","display_name":"Dumping","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73983045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17077119","display_name":"Green criminology","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3899872","display_name":"Environmental hazard","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147366489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766328","display_name":"Wildlife conservation","level":3,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27219730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46952","display_name":"Organised crime","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049876","display_name":"Environmental security","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4238/ytfnta27","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3811/2405","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4238/ytfnta27","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/ytfnta27","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3811/2405","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204765111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204765111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249565395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396960888","https://openalex.org/W4411011827","https://openalex.org/W7216973302","https://openalex.org/W4414261430","https://openalex.org/W3004090837","https://openalex.org/W7171534134","https://openalex.org/W3209570925","https://openalex.org/W6911681386","https://openalex.org/W4250209110","https://openalex.org/W4249998367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Green":[0],"criminology":[1],"is":[2],"known":[3],"to":[4,22],"explore":[5],"the":[6,24,87],"silent":[7],"violence":[8],"of":[9,112,121],"ecological":[10],"degradation":[11],"and":[12,31,37,46,59,66,82,101,125],"its":[13],"intersection":[14],"with":[15],"transnational":[16],"organized":[17],"crime.":[18,117],"Present":[19],"study":[20,94,108],"aims":[21],"investigates":[23],"enforcement":[25],"gap":[26],"between":[27],"abundant":[28],"environmental":[29,54,127],"legislation":[30],"limited":[32],"criminal":[33,128],"prosecution":[34],"in":[35],"India":[36],"globally.":[38],"Using":[39],"mixed-method":[40],"analysis":[41],"empirical":[42],"data,":[43],"case":[44],"studies,":[45],"comparative":[47],"legal":[48],"review,":[49],"this":[50],"research":[51],"demonstrates":[52],"that":[53,96],"crime,":[55],"including":[56],"wildlife":[57],"trade":[58],"trafficking,":[60],"illegal":[61],"mining,":[62],"hazardous":[63],"waste":[64],"dumping":[65],"industrial":[67],"pollution":[68],"has":[69],"evolved":[70],"into":[71],"a":[72],"multibillion-dollar":[73],"illicit":[74],"industry.":[75],"Despite":[76],"having":[77],"more":[78],"than":[79],"two":[80],"hundred":[81],"fifty":[83],"International":[84],"Environmental":[85],"Treaties":[86],"conviction":[88],"rates":[89],"remain":[90],"quite":[91],"low.":[92],"The":[93,107],"reveals":[95],"weak":[97],"deterrence,":[98],"political":[99],"interference":[100],"fragmented":[102],"institutions":[103],"enable":[104],"corporate":[105],"impunity.":[106],"calls":[109],"for":[110],"recognition":[111],"\u201cEcocide\u201d":[113],"as":[114],"an":[115],"international":[116],"It":[118],"proposes":[119],"establishment":[120],"specialized":[122],"environmental-crime":[123],"bureaus":[124],"effective":[126],"justice":[129],"system.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}