{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204756815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","title":"GOVERNING IN THE SHADOW OF VIOLENCE: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA","display_name":"GOVERNING IN THE SHADOW OF VIOLENCE: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204756815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22211588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147842252","display_name":"Ph. D Kanayochi AKOMA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0536-4876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0536-4876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260474","display_name":"Dominion University, Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03t101k34","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260474"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AKOMA Evaristus Kanayochi, Ph. D","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminology and Security Studies, Dominion University, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology and Security Studies, Dominion University, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147842252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14111","display_name":"Diverse Research Studies Overview","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-legitimacy","display_name":"state legitimacy","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-governance","display_name":"security governance","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-governance","display_name":"democratic governance","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-trust","display_name":"public trust","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-capacity","display_name":"institutional capacity","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-oversight","display_name":"citizen oversight","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.694100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6897000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779111050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255876","display_name":"Democratic consolidation","level":5,"score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.5748000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5375000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.5275999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777825026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410431","display_name":"Public trust","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164429055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070165","display_name":"Institutionalisation","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779508350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6041185","display_name":"Institutional analysis","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543464","display_name":"Clientelism","level":4,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776847301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44918","display_name":"Rule of law","level":3,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777054862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392160","display_name":"Failed state","level":3,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993972936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democratic governance","level":4,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777976496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541936","display_name":"Public participation","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22211588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22211589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22211588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22211588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215147491","https://openalex.org/W7000879305","https://openalex.org/W7163814321","https://openalex.org/W7207598888","https://openalex.org/W7215247246","https://openalex.org/W7215383700","https://openalex.org/W4240203463","https://openalex.org/W4367665987","https://openalex.org/W3035505446","https://openalex.org/W7204455210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT:":[0],"Persistent":[1,228],"insecurity":[2,62,136],"poses":[3],"a":[4,109],"significant":[5],"challenge":[6],"to":[7,92],"democratic":[8,32,66,101,140,148,173,216],"governance,":[9,35],"particularly":[10],"where":[11],"prolonged":[12],"violence":[13],"weakens":[14],"institutional":[15,74,124,152,195],"capacity,":[16,75],"public":[17,77,155,211],"trust":[18,78,212],"and":[19,34,52,79,88,97,103,128,162,187,199,213],"the":[20,49,163],"legitimacy":[21],"of":[22,55,117,165,220],"state":[23,72,167],"authority.":[24],"Although":[25],"existing":[26],"scholarship":[27],"has":[28,63,137,143],"extensively":[29],"examined":[30],"insecurity,":[31],"consolidation":[33],"these":[36],"strands":[37],"remain":[38],"insufficiently":[39],"integrated":[40,85],"in":[41,202],"explaining":[42],"how":[43,60,94],"sustained":[44],"security":[45,95,180,203],"pressures":[46,146],"cumulatively":[47],"reshape":[48],"institutional,":[50],"relational":[51],"normative":[53],"foundations":[54],"democracy.":[56],"This":[57],"study":[58,107,170],"examines":[59],"persistent":[61,135,221],"influenced":[64],"Nigeria\u2019s":[65,215],"governance":[67,149],"since":[68],"1999,":[69],"focusing":[70],"on":[71,114,147,179,184],"legitimacy,":[73],"accountability,":[76],"citizen":[80,200],"participation.":[81],"It":[82,190],"adopts":[83],"an":[84],"State":[86,226],"Legitimacy":[87],"Democratic":[89,224],"Consolidation":[90],"Theories":[91],"explain":[93],"threats":[96],"governmental":[98],"responses":[99],"affect":[100],"institutions":[102,217],"political":[104],"relationships.":[105],"The":[106,131,169],"employs":[108],"qualitative":[110],"research":[111],"design":[112],"based":[113],"systematic":[115],"analysis":[116],"relevant":[118],"secondary":[119],"evidence,":[120],"including":[121],"scholarly":[122],"literature,":[123],"reports,":[125],"policy":[126],"documents":[127],"official":[129],"records.":[130],"findings":[132],"indicate":[133],"that":[134,172],"not":[138,177],"produced":[139],"breakdown":[141],"but":[142,182],"generated":[144],"cumulative":[145],"through":[150],"weakened":[151],"effectiveness,":[153],"declining":[154],"confidence,":[156],"constrained":[157],"civic":[158],"participation,":[159],"reduced":[160],"accountability":[161,198],"expansion":[164],"security-oriented":[166],"practices.":[168],"argues":[171],"resilience":[174],"therefore":[175],"depends":[176],"only":[178],"effectiveness":[181],"also":[183],"legitimate,":[185],"accountable":[186],"participatory":[188],"governance.":[189,204],"recommends":[191],"strengthening":[192],"civilian":[193],"oversight,":[194],"coordination,":[196],"transparency,":[197],"participation":[201],"These":[205],"reforms":[206],"are":[207],"essential":[208],"for":[209],"restoring":[210],"consolidating":[214],"under":[218],"conditions":[219],"insecurity.":[222],"Keywords:":[223],"consolidation;":[225],"legitimacy;":[227],"insecurity;":[229],"Security":[230],"governance;":[231],"Nigeria":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}