{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204746419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","title":"Graphionale: How Graph Visualizations of LLM Rationales Affect Human Decision Making","display_name":"Graphionale: How Graph Visualizations of LLM Rationales Affect Human Decision Making","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204746419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3830398.3830638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087746","display_name":"ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121054710","display_name":"Xinru Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-6425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-6425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167254","display_name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb3w112","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinru Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-6425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059795129","display_name":"Zhexuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-2258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-2258","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7118-9778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhexuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7118-9778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125767652","display_name":"Ming Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-139X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-139X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-139X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148779296","display_name":"Shuai Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-292X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-292X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-292X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079825006","display_name":"Thomas W. Malone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-1482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-1482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W Malone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Collective Intelligence, Sloan School of Mgmt., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-1482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Collective Intelligence, Sloan School of Mgmt., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8992915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-visualization","display_name":"network visualization","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument-maps","display_name":"argument maps","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-decision-making","display_name":"human decision-making","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-calibration","display_name":"trust calibration","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-reasoning","display_name":"verbal reasoning","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-reasoning","display_name":"visual reasoning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"cognitive load","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-preferences","display_name":"user preferences","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7141000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103057564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751139","display_name":"Analytic reasoning","level":3,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83725634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268699","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3830398.3830638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087746","display_name":"ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.27932","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27932","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.27932","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.27932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.27932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.27932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3830398.3830638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3830398.3830638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087746","display_name":"ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204746419.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204746419.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502139053","https://openalex.org/W1976069032","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1990100773","https://openalex.org/W2003486484","https://openalex.org/W2043143027","https://openalex.org/W2051163483","https://openalex.org/W2054788835","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2078776995","https://openalex.org/W2096036274","https://openalex.org/W2126153334","https://openalex.org/W2140107468","https://openalex.org/W2183010422","https://openalex.org/W2786395785","https://openalex.org/W2788362053","https://openalex.org/W2903808828","https://openalex.org/W2963690694","https://openalex.org/W2963995027","https://openalex.org/W2966562834","https://openalex.org/W3117577445","https://openalex.org/W3123829608","https://openalex.org/W3125458322","https://openalex.org/W3156106752","https://openalex.org/W3159250634","https://openalex.org/W3195811527","https://openalex.org/W4210909814","https://openalex.org/W4220961556","https://openalex.org/W4224315096","https://openalex.org/W4225117847","https://openalex.org/W4225632607","https://openalex.org/W4255441728","https://openalex.org/W4288315942","https://openalex.org/W4297183943","https://openalex.org/W4297252763","https://openalex.org/W4366003124","https://openalex.org/W4366547538","https://openalex.org/W4377371585","https://openalex.org/W4385571157","https://openalex.org/W4385682544","https://openalex.org/W4385768218","https://openalex.org/W4391148989","https://openalex.org/W4391841898","https://openalex.org/W4393160302","https://openalex.org/W4396827151","https://openalex.org/W4396832834","https://openalex.org/W4402345721","https://openalex.org/W4402683776","https://openalex.org/W4404782828","https://openalex.org/W4408614752","https://openalex.org/W4409736269","https://openalex.org/W4412887090","https://openalex.org/W4416036482","https://openalex.org/W7116922311","https://openalex.org/W7131423702","https://openalex.org/W7133209886","https://openalex.org/W7133224126","https://openalex.org/W7133307849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7151442302","https://openalex.org/W4416112249","https://openalex.org/W7133356125","https://openalex.org/W7153861606","https://openalex.org/W7163332466","https://openalex.org/W7165947808","https://openalex.org/W4416036399","https://openalex.org/W7133307849","https://openalex.org/W7164419508","https://openalex.org/W7212036605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4,103],"increasingly":[5],"equipped":[6],"with":[7],"augmented":[8],"reasoning":[9,39,144],"capabilities":[10],"to":[11,83,98,186,191],"generate":[12],"rationales":[13,21,58,102,133,207],"that":[14,33,131,170,182],"support":[15,208],"human":[16,209],"decision-making.":[17],"Yet":[18],"these":[19],"text-dense":[20],"often":[22],"impose":[23],"substantial":[24],"cognitive":[25],"burdens.":[26],"Building":[27],"on":[28],"a":[29,45,90],"formative":[30],"co-design":[31],"study":[32,94],"identified":[34],"user":[35,93],"preferences":[36],"for":[37,47,142,153],"non-linear":[38],"representations,":[40],"we":[41],"developed":[42],"Graphionale":[43],"as":[44],"testbed":[46],"empirically":[48],"studying":[49],"argument-map-style":[50],"rationale":[51,117,184],"visualization.":[52],"This":[53],"system":[54],"transforms":[55],"linear":[56],"LLM":[57],"into":[59],"interactive,":[60],"multi-level":[61],"graphs.":[62],"It":[63],"explicitly":[64],"structures":[65],"logical":[66],"relationships":[67],"(e.g.,":[68],"conclusions,":[69],"premises,":[70],"support,":[71],"and":[72,78,122,150,163,204,212],"objections),":[73],"while":[74],"further":[75],"extracting":[76],"entities":[77],"relations":[79],"within":[80],"each":[81,166],"statement":[82],"construct":[84],"condensed":[85],"node-link":[86],"representations.":[87],"We":[88],"conduct":[89],"large-scale":[91],"online":[92],"(N":[95],"=":[96],"204)":[97],"examine":[99],"when":[100,203],"graphical":[101,132,206],"more":[104,147,161],"effective":[105,192],"than":[106],"textual":[107],"ones,":[108],"across":[109],"varying":[110],"task":[111,187],"modality":[112,188],"(verbal":[113],"vs.":[114,120,126],"visual":[115,154],"reasoning),":[116],"format":[118,169,185],"(textual":[119],"graphical),":[121],"question":[123],"difficulty":[124],"(easy":[125],"hard).":[127],"Our":[128,196],"results":[129],"show":[130],"do":[134],"not":[135,176],"help":[136],"uniformly:":[137],"they":[138,156],"improve":[139],"trust":[140],"calibration":[141,158],"verbal":[143],"yet":[145,159],"feel":[146,160],"cognitively":[148],"demanding":[149],"less":[151],"satisfying;":[152],"reasoning,":[155],"impair":[157],"engaging":[162],"helpful.":[164],"In":[165],"modality,":[167],"the":[168,177,214],"better":[171],"supports":[172],"calibrated":[173],"decisions":[174],"is":[175,189],"one":[178],"users":[179],"prefer,":[180],"highlighting":[181],"matching":[183],"key":[190],"AI":[193,217],"explanation":[194],"design.":[195],"findings":[197],"contribute":[198],"empirical":[199],"design":[200],"knowledge":[201],"about":[202],"how":[205],"decision":[210],"making,":[211],"inform":[213],"next-generation":[215],"reasoning-aware":[216],"interfaces.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}