{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204711067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of a Capsule Sponge Trefoil Factor 3 Test for Barrett's Esophagus in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","display_name":"Diagnostic Accuracy of a Capsule Sponge Trefoil Factor 3 Test for Barrett's Esophagus in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204711067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42669464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114157051","display_name":"Eduardo A. Canto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5806-4441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5806-4441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo A. Canto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;","Department of Medicine, Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5806-4441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148698622","display_name":"Amar K. Rai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143392","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/04h81rw26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amar K. Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;","Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of London, London, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of London, London, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089431237","display_name":"Stephen J. Lostetter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-7895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-7895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Lostetter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Grand Strand Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA;","University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-7895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Grand Strand Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA;","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019297037","display_name":"Aditya Avula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3129-7288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3129-7288"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya V. Avula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3129-7288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061346775","display_name":"Thomas Round","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-1629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-1629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Round","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-1629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028581308","display_name":"Ryan William Walters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-9886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-9886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan W. Walters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-9886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012546092","display_name":"Aun Raza Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-8659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-8659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aun R. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-8659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055073191","display_name":"Steven F. Moss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-0388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-0388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven F. Moss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-0388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49381625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11658","display_name":"Esophageal and GI Pathology","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barrett-s-esophagus","display_name":"Barrett's esophagus","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease","display_name":"gastroesophageal reflux disease","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trefoil-factor-3","display_name":"TFF3","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noninvasive-screening","display_name":"non-invasive screening","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance-endoscopy","display_name":"endoscopic surveillance","score":0.41200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9585000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157481446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270351","display_name":"Diagnostic odds ratio","level":3,"score":0.7016000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43270747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898610","display_name":"Reflux","level":3,"score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777819096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173710","display_name":"Esophagus","level":2,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.5400999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777333622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116753","display_name":"Capsule endoscopy","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53789813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553769","display_name":"Positive predicative value","level":3,"score":0.48089998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019719930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value","level":2,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778451229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212809","display_name":"Endoscopy","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912193","display_name":"Esophageal disease","level":3,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144494922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6547272","display_name":"Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing","level":3,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174446222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239190","display_name":"Pre- and post-test probability","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780073493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523837","display_name":"Single Center","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223591","display_name":"GERD","level":4,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42669464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42669464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of gastroenterology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/c06226a6-8efe-4e88-820a-28d45ff9bb8a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/c06226a6-8efe-4e88-820a-28d45ff9bb8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canto, E A, Rai, A K, Lostetter, S J, Avula, A V, Round, T, Walters, R W, Shah, A R & Moss, S F 2026, 'Diagnostic Accuracy of a Capsule Sponge Trefoil Factor 3 Test for Barrett's Esophagus in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', American Journal of Gastroenterology, pp. 1-34. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000004190","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283168458","https://openalex.org/W4400192863","https://openalex.org/W4400193370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416030894","https://openalex.org/W7165619759","https://openalex.org/W2051570610","https://openalex.org/W7203481384","https://openalex.org/W4412886441","https://openalex.org/W4416030872","https://openalex.org/W7171289813","https://openalex.org/W2545000713","https://openalex.org/W7171519784","https://openalex.org/W7168259031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Current":[1],"guidelines":[2],"suggest":[3],"swallowable":[4],"capsule-sponge":[5,30],"devices":[6],"with":[7,31,36,74,208],"biomarkers":[8],"can":[9],"be":[10],"used":[11],"as":[12],"alternatives":[13],"to":[14],"endoscopy":[15],"for":[16,66,144,167,225],"detecting":[17],"Barrett's":[18],"Esophagus":[19],"(BE)":[20],"in":[21,34,54,72,122,162,233,240],"at-risk":[22],"patients.":[23],"We":[24,155],"analyzed":[25],"the":[26,192],"screening":[27,223],"performance":[28,43],"of":[29,57,80,104,111,131,229],"trefoil-factor-3":[32],"(TFF3)":[33],"patients":[35,226],"symptomatic":[37],"acid":[38,148,203],"reflux":[39,75],"and":[40,69,77,95,118,137,151,191,202],"assessed":[41,107],"test":[42],"across":[44],"individual":[45,145],"risk":[46,146,228],"factors.":[47],"METHODS:":[48],"The":[49],"study":[50],"protocol":[51],"was":[52,85,106,169,175,186,196],"registered":[53],"Prospective":[55],"Register":[56],"Systematic":[58],"Reviews":[59],"(PROSPERO)":[60],"(CRD420250652091).":[61],"Eligible":[62],"studies":[63,158],"reported":[64],"results":[65],"both":[67],"capsule-sponge-TFF3":[68,217],"endoscopic":[70],"assessment":[71],"adults":[73],"symptoms":[76],"no":[78],"history":[79],"BE.":[81,230],"A":[82],"systematic":[83],"search":[84],"conducted":[86],"through":[87],"August":[88],"29,":[89],"2025.":[90],"Two":[91],"reviewers":[92],"independently":[93],"screened":[94],"extracted":[96],"data":[97],"using":[98,125],"COllaboration":[99],"+":[100],"eVIDENCE":[101],"(COVIDENCE).":[102],"Risk":[103],"bias":[105],"by":[108],"QUality":[109],"Assessment":[110],"Diagnostic":[112],"Accuracy":[113],"Studies":[114],"2":[115],"(QUADAS-2).":[116],"Sensitivity":[117],"specificity":[119,174,232],"were":[120,142,206],"estimated":[121,143],"SAS":[123],"v9.4":[124],"bivariate":[126],"mixed":[127],"models":[128,141],"allowing":[129],"estimation":[130],"likelihood":[132],"ratios,":[133,136],"diagnostic":[134,193],"odds":[135,194],"predictive":[138,181],"values;":[139],"meta-regression":[140],"factors,":[147],"suppressant":[149,204],"use":[150,205],"BE":[152,168],"prevalence.":[153],"RESULTS:":[154],"identified":[156],"6":[157],"involving":[159],"1,454":[160],"participants":[161],"our":[163,213],"meta-analysis.":[164],"Pooled":[165],"sensitivity":[166],"0.87":[170],"(95%":[171,177,188,198],"CI:":[172,178,189,199],"0.80-0.94),":[173],"0.88":[176],"0.80-0.95),":[179],"negative":[180],"value":[182],"at":[183,227],"20%":[184],"prevalence":[185],"0.96":[187],"0.95-0.98),":[190],"ratio":[195],"47.82":[197],"44.99-50.83).":[200],"Smoking":[201],"associated":[207],"increased":[209],"specificity.":[210],"DISCUSSION:":[211],"Overall,":[212],"findings":[214],"show":[215],"that":[216],"is":[218],"an":[219],"effective":[220],"minimally":[221],"invasive":[222],"tool":[224],"Increased":[231],"smokers":[234],"may":[235],"help":[236],"reduce":[237],"unnecessary":[238],"endoscopies":[239],"this":[241],"higher-risk":[242],"group.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-31T00:00:00"}
