{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204709791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","title":"Probiotic Carriers for Tumor-Targeted Therapy: Applications and Challenges","display_name":"Probiotic Carriers for Tumor-Targeted Therapy: Applications and Challenges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204709791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42699339","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13544375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/ijn.s636168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101287785","display_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","issn_l":"1176-9114","issn":["1176-9114","1178-2013"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148687163","display_name":"Jingyi Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135202435","display_name":"Jialin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4088-2110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4088-2110","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3682-1495","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7191-7232"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drug Clinical Trial Center, Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148688346","display_name":"Hang Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441390","display_name":"Ziyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-3438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-3438","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4844-3090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148651914","display_name":"Wenhe Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhe Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Experimental Center, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Experimental Center, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148743093","display_name":"Hao Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140393374","display_name":"Yawei Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yawei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5140393374","https://openalex.org/A5148743093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"],"apc_list":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"apc_paid":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"fwci":2.4704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90728318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12996","display_name":"Bacterial Cancer Therapy","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12996","display_name":"Bacterial Cancer Therapy","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-drug-delivery","display_name":"anticancer drug delivery","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-tropism","display_name":"tumor tropism","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-nanocarriers","display_name":"hybrid nanocarriers","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.7226999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.2459000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22269999980926514}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019936","descriptor_name":"Probiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019936","descriptor_name":"Probiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059016","descriptor_name":"Tumor Microenvironment","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/ijn.s636168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101287785","display_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","issn_l":"1176-9114","issn":["1176-9114","1178-2013"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42699339","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42699339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of nanomedicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13544375","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13544375/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Nanomedicine","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f261d7a634a4e1bb99df0e67d935929","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f261d7a634a4e1bb99df0e67d935929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 21, Iss Issue 1, Pp 1-29 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/118948","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/probiotic-carriers-for-tumor-targeted-therapy-applications-and-challen-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/ijn.s636168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s636168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101287785","display_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","issn_l":"1176-9114","issn":["1176-9114","1178-2013"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1829739203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416736330","https://openalex.org/W4402004529","https://openalex.org/W4205225062","https://openalex.org/W4391141083","https://openalex.org/W4413878267","https://openalex.org/W4401865380","https://openalex.org/W3097050197","https://openalex.org/W4415916432","https://openalex.org/W4396721964","https://openalex.org/W4388090179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cancer":[0],"poses":[1],"an":[2,99],"escalating":[3],"threat":[4],"to":[5,62,122,124,213],"global":[6],"public":[7],"health,":[8],"characterized":[9],"by":[10,37,77,113],"continuous":[11],"rises":[12],"in":[13,223],"both":[14],"incidence":[15],"and":[16,25,45,49,66,82,95,125,129,148,160,164,168,190,200],"mortality.":[17],"While":[18],"conventional":[19,71],"tumor":[20,64,86,118],"interventions":[21],"including":[22],"surgery,":[23],"chemotherapy":[24],"radiotherapy":[26,189],"have":[27,55,107],"made":[28],"considerable":[29],"progress,":[30],"their":[31,116,219],"clinical":[32,206,221],"efficacy":[33],"is":[34],"severely":[35],"constrained":[36],"systemic":[38,68],"toxic":[39],"side":[40],"effects,":[41],"inadequate":[42],"targeting":[43,65],"precision":[44],"frequent":[46],"severe":[47],"postoperative":[48],"treatment-related":[50],"sequelae.":[51],"Nanodrug":[52],"delivery":[53,104],"systems":[54],"evolved":[56],"as":[57],"a":[58],"viable":[59],"therapeutic":[60,135],"alternative":[61],"optimize":[63],"minimize":[67],"toxicity.":[69],"However,":[70],"nanocarriers":[72],"suffer":[73],"from":[74],"rapid":[75],"clearance":[76],"the":[78,83,127,141,145,166,179,197,205],"mononuclear":[79],"phagocyte":[80],"system,":[81],"intricate,":[84],"heterogeneous":[85],"microenvironment":[87],"(TME)":[88],"further":[89,177],"impairs":[90],"effective":[91],"intratumoral":[92],"drug":[93],"penetration":[94],"uniform":[96],"distribution.":[97],"As":[98],"emerging":[100],"class":[101],"of":[102,115,151,171,182,208],"living":[103],"vectors,":[105],"probiotics":[106],"recently":[108],"gained":[109],"extensive":[110],"research":[111,202],"attention":[112],"virtue":[114],"intrinsic":[117],"tropism,":[119],"unique":[120],"capacity":[121],"adapt":[123],"remodel":[126],"TME,":[128],"excellent":[130],"synergistic":[131,180],"compatibility":[132],"with":[133,186],"multiple":[134],"regimens.":[136],"This":[137],"review":[138],"systematically":[139],"elaborates":[140],"biological":[142],"mechanisms":[143],"governing":[144],"tumor-targeted":[146],"accumulation":[147],"TME-responsive":[149],"properties":[150],"probiotics,":[152],"summarizes":[153],"core":[154],"strategies":[155],"for":[156,204,218],"probiotic":[157,173],"genetic":[158],"modification":[159],"hybrid":[161],"system":[162],"construction,":[163],"compares":[165],"strengths":[167],"applicable":[169],"scenarios":[170],"diverse":[172],"chassis":[174],"strains.":[175],"We":[176],"discuss":[178],"potential":[181],"probiotic-based":[183,209],"platforms":[184],"combined":[185],"immunotherapy,":[187],"chemotherapy,":[188],"physical":[191],"therapy.":[192],"Finally,":[193],"this":[194],"article":[195],"underscores":[196],"key":[198],"bottlenecks":[199],"future":[201],"directions":[203],"translation":[207],"antitumor":[210],"therapeutics,":[211],"aiming":[212],"provide":[214],"rigorous":[215],"theoretical":[216],"support":[217],"broader":[220],"application":[222],"cancer":[224],"treatment.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-31T00:00:00"}