{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204686308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","title":"The Number That Finds Your Match: A Narrative Review of Skill Rating and Matchmaking from Elo's Chess to TrueSkill 2","display_name":"The Number That Finds Your Match: A Narrative Review of Skill Rating and Matchmaking from Elo's Chess to TrueSkill 2","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204686308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7204686308"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120933120","display_name":"Zen Revista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124990","display_name":"Faculdades Guarulhos","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6maw65","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Revista, Zen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148623169","display_name":"10 GAME","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124990","display_name":"Faculdades Guarulhos","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6maw65","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GAME, 10","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Guarulhos (FG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124990"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.6563000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.6563000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.24009999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matchmaking","display_name":"matchmaking","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elo-rating","display_name":"Elo rating","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trueskill","display_name":"TrueSkill","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-optimization","display_name":"evolutionary optimization","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin-of-victory","display_name":"margin of victory","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chess-rating","display_name":"chess rating","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988118254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16881889","display_name":"Rating system","level":2,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776085556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183361","display_name":"Chen","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101112237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874481","display_name":"Bayesian statistics","level":4,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200594392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812529","display_name":"Bayesian game","level":4,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113336015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574010","display_name":"Complete information","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153975459","https://openalex.org/W7100482631","https://openalex.org/W2897296754","https://openalex.org/W2791828207","https://openalex.org/W4403885310","https://openalex.org/W7127824823","https://openalex.org/W4415150091","https://openalex.org/W7097273685","https://openalex.org/W7166189993","https://openalex.org/W7135782388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skill":[0],"rating":[1,18,31,140,208],"and":[2,24,28,42,65,75,81,87,93,104,110,117,122,147,167,177,191,194],"matchmaking---the":[3],"mathematics":[4,199],"that":[5,54,206,214],"turns":[6],"thousands":[7],"of":[8,40,53,62],"scattered":[9],"players":[10],"into":[11,200],"fair":[12],"pairings---moved":[13],"from":[14,221],"Elo's":[15,58],"1978":[16,59],"chess":[17,135,224],"through":[19,97],"Glickman's":[20,70],"dynamic":[21,72],"estimation,":[22,73],"Herbrich":[23],"colleagues's":[25,94,111],"Bayesian":[26,157],"TrueSkill,":[27,84],"Coulom's":[29,99],"whole-history":[30,101],"to":[32,225],"the":[33,37,134,139,144,148,152,156,161,164,168,172,178,184,187,192,198,201,210,218,222,226],"game":[34,179],"industry's":[35,180],"architectures,":[36],"evolutionary":[38,113,188],"optimization":[39],"fairness,":[41],"TrueSkill":[43,96,120],"2's":[44],"team":[45],"models.":[46],"This":[47],"article":[48],"presents":[49],"a":[50,154,174],"narrative":[51],"review":[52,128],"arc's":[55],"canonical":[56],"line:":[57],"The":[60,127],"Rating":[61],"Chessplayers,":[63],"Batchelder":[64],"Bershad's":[66],"1979":[67],"statistical":[68],"theory,":[69],"1999":[71,77],"Glickman":[74],"Jones's":[76],"evaluation,":[78],"Herbrich,":[79],"Minka,":[80,115],"Graepel's":[82],"2006":[83],"Feng,":[85],"Brandt,":[86],"Saha's":[88],"2007":[89],"matchmaking":[90],"architecture,":[91],"Dangauthier":[92],"2008":[95,100,106],"time,":[98],"rating,":[102],"Menke":[103],"Martinez's":[105],"MCMC":[107],"model,":[108],"Chen":[109],"2017":[112],"matchmaking,":[114],"Cleven,":[116],"Zaykov's":[118],"2018":[119],"2,":[121],"Kovalchik's":[123],"2020":[124],"margin-of-victory":[125],"extension.":[126],"is":[129,204,209,217],"organized":[130],"around":[131],"three":[132],"themes:":[133],"foundations,":[136],"in":[137,159,182],"which":[138,160,183],"table's":[141],"logistic":[142],"update,":[143],"paired-comparison":[145],"statistics,":[146],"system's":[149],"evaluation":[150],"made":[151,171],"skill":[153,207],"number;":[155],"era,":[158],"multiplayer":[162],"extensions,":[163],"histories'":[165],"re-estimation,":[166],"posterior's":[169],"sampling":[170],"uncertainty":[173],"first-class":[175],"citizen;":[176],"systems,":[181],"architectures'":[185],"scaling,":[186],"fairness's":[189,211],"optimization,":[190],"margins'":[193],"teams'":[195],"models":[196],"carried":[197],"lobbies.":[202],"It":[203],"concluded":[205],"information":[212],"system---and":[213],"its":[215],"arc":[216],"number's":[219],"evolution":[220],"scalar's":[223],"Bayesian's":[227],"teams.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-31T00:00:00"}
