{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204682652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125","title":"EFFECT OF COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING AND REALITY THERAPY ON PRONENESS TO VIOLENCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA","display_name":"EFFECT OF COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING AND REALITY THERAPY ON PRONENESS TO VIOLENCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204682652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407056578","display_name":"MAU INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS","issn_l":"3121-8377","issn":["3121-8377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MAU INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148669859","display_name":"I.N Adekunle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197610006","display_name":"University of Lagos","ror":"https://ror.org/05rk03822","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.N Adekunle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Educational Foundations, University of Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Educational Foundations, University of Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036587769","display_name":"O. O. Longe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197610006","display_name":"University of Lagos","ror":"https://ror.org/05rk03822","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O.O Longe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Educational Foundations, University of Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Educational Foundations, University of Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081385491","display_name":"B. Ahimie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197610006","display_name":"University of Lagos","ror":"https://ror.org/05rk03822","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Ahimie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Educational Foundations, University of Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Educational Foundations, University of Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"187","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13272","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13272","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-restructuring","display_name":"cognitive restructuring","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reality-therapy","display_name":"reality therapy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-counseling","display_name":"school counseling","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-prevention","display_name":"violence prevention","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ogun-state","display_name":"Ogun State","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6564018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849826","display_name":"Cognitive restructuring","level":3,"score":0.8704000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.7364000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.7081999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.462799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779477915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13693745","display_name":"Cognitive therapy","level":3,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174982496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3527304","display_name":"Reality therapy","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119340705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628597","display_name":"Analysis of covariance","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909801347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141214","display_name":"Cognitive Intervention","level":3,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64290/mauijef.v2i4.125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407056578","display_name":"MAU INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS","issn_l":"3121-8377","issn":["3121-8377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MAU INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212182823","https://openalex.org/W2595120985","https://openalex.org/W626641159","https://openalex.org/W4401890668","https://openalex.org/W1498241707","https://openalex.org/W4214500772","https://openalex.org/W4321381143","https://openalex.org/W7100163113","https://openalex.org/W7219970571","https://openalex.org/W7220729016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proneness":[0,109],"to":[1,35,76,85,110,126,145,220,247],"violence":[2,36,127],"among":[3,37],"secondary":[4,38,64,80],"school":[5,39,65],"students":[6,40,66,241],"is":[7],"an":[8],"important":[9],"behavioural":[10],"concern":[11],"that":[12,162,214],"underscores":[13],"the":[14,24,70,86,107,131,177],"need":[15],"for":[16,73,240],"effective":[17],"school-based":[18,234],"counselling":[19,237],"interventions.":[20],"This":[21],"study":[22,212],"examined":[23],"effects":[25],"of":[26,120,140,183],"Cognitive":[27,87,164,197,227],"Restructuring":[28,88,165,198,228],"and":[29,56,113,118,166,188,199,229,236],"Reality":[30,92,167,200,230],"Therapy":[31,93,168,201,231],"interventions":[32,216,232],"on":[33,142],"proneness":[34,75,125,144,219,246],"in":[41],"Ogun":[42],"State,":[43],"Nigeria.":[44],"A":[45],"pre-test\u2013post-test,":[46],"three-group":[47],"quasi-experimental":[48],"design":[49],"was":[50,202],"adopted,":[51],"comprising":[52],"two":[53],"intervention":[54,141],"groups":[55],"one":[57],"control":[58,98,178],"group.":[59],"The":[60,133,194,211],"participants":[61],"were":[62,82,104],"200":[63],"who":[67],"scored":[68],"above":[69],"predetermined":[71],"cut-off":[72],"high":[74],"violence.":[77,221,248],"Three":[78],"selected":[79],"schools":[81],"randomly":[83],"assigned":[84],"(n":[89,94,99],"=":[90,95,100,149,156,206,209],"70),":[91],"69),":[96],"or":[97],"61)":[101],"conditions.":[102],"Data":[103],"collected":[105],"using":[106,115],"Student":[108],"Violence":[111],"Scale":[112],"analysed":[114],"descriptive":[116],"statistics":[117],"Analysis":[119],"Covariance":[121],"(ANCOVA),":[122],"with":[123,180],"pre-test":[124],"scores":[128,175],"entered":[129],"as":[130,243],"covariate.":[132],"findings":[134],"showed":[135,161],"a":[136],"significant":[137,204],"main":[138],"effect":[139],"post-test":[143,173],"violence,":[146],"F(2,":[147],"197)":[148],"38.40,":[150],"p":[151,208],"<":[152,186,191],".001,":[153],"partial":[154],"\u03b7\u00b2":[155],".277.":[157],"Bonferroni-adjusted":[158],"pairwise":[159],"comparisons":[160],"both":[163,215],"produced":[169],"significantly":[170],"lower":[171],"adjusted":[172],"proneness-to-violence":[174],"than":[176],"condition,":[179],"mean":[181],"differences":[182],"\u22126.83":[184],"(p":[185,190],".001)":[187],"\u22126.55":[189],".001),":[192],"respectively.":[193],"difference":[195],"between":[196],"not":[203],"(MD":[205],"\u22120.28,":[207],".812).":[210],"concludes":[213],"effectively":[217],"reduced":[218],"Schools":[222],"should":[223],"consider":[224],"incorporating":[225],"structured":[226],"into":[233],"violence-prevention":[235],"programmes,":[238],"particularly":[239],"identified":[242],"having":[244],"elevated":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-31T00:00:00"}