{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204677804","doi":null,"title":"Physical Layer Security with Frequency-Hopping and Finite-Alphabet Inputs","display_name":"Physical Layer Security with Frequency-Hopping and Finite-Alphabet Inputs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204677804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05724871v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05724871v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2026), IEEE, Oct 2026, National Capital Region, United States","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05724871v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114112365","display_name":"Cl\u00e9ment Leroy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6991-7111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6991-7111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259159","display_name":"Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/01v48vz24","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4405259159"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leroy, Cl\u00e9ment","raw_affiliation_strings":["U2IS - Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes (828, boulevard des Mar\u00e9chaux, 91762 Palaiseau CEDEX - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U2IS - Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes (828, boulevard des Mar\u00e9chaux, 91762 Palaiseau CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054558052","display_name":"Tarak Arbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-2590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-2590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259159","display_name":"Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/01v48vz24","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4405259159"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arbi, Tarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["U2IS - Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes (828, boulevard des Mar\u00e9chaux, 91762 Palaiseau CEDEX - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U2IS - Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes (828, boulevard des Mar\u00e9chaux, 91762 Palaiseau CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023640001","display_name":"Beno\u00eet Geller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-3296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-3296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259159","display_name":"Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/01v48vz24","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4405259159"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geller, Benoit","raw_affiliation_strings":["U2IS - Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes (828, boulevard des Mar\u00e9chaux, 91762 Palaiseau CEDEX - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U2IS - Unit\u00e9 d'Informatique et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes (828, boulevard des Mar\u00e9chaux, 91762 Palaiseau CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079964478","display_name":"Olivier Rioul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-8916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-8916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rioul, Olivier","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMELEC - D\u00e9partement Communications & Electronique (19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU - France)","COMNUM - Communications Num\u00e9riques (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU. Devient MIC (Math\u00e9matiques de l'Information et des Communications) le 04 juillet 2024 - France)","IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMELEC - D\u00e9partement Communications & Electronique (19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMNUM - Communications Num\u00e9riques (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU. Devient MIC (Math\u00e9matiques de l'Information et des Communications) le 04 juillet 2024 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69824719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer-security","display_name":"physical layer security","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-hopping","display_name":"frequency hopping","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-alphabet-inputs","display_name":"finite-alphabet inputs","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wiretap-channel","display_name":"wiretap channel","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy-capacity","display_name":"secrecy capacity","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.24699999392032623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.24199999868869781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24169999361038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.23980000615119934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05724871v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05724871v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2026), IEEE, Oct 2026, National Capital Region, United States","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05724871v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05724871v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2026), IEEE, Oct 2026, National Capital Region, United States","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2804699378","https://openalex.org/W66429487","https://openalex.org/W3007267536","https://openalex.org/W3012968636","https://openalex.org/W2036027429","https://openalex.org/W3035907446","https://openalex.org/W4324116537","https://openalex.org/W2900931570","https://openalex.org/W2901155658","https://openalex.org/W3088483589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,13,39,51,57,65,79,86,97,114,122,126,157,165,170,173,183],"physical":[4],"layer":[5],"security":[6],"of":[7,41,59,104,125,172,189],"frequency-hopping":[8],"(FH)":[9],"transmission":[10],"schemes":[11],"when":[12,56,156],"hopping":[14,60],"sequence":[15],"is":[16,62,82,93,177],"publicly":[17],"known.":[18],"We":[19,53,108],"consider":[20],"a":[21,26,30,34,42,102,110,148,160,187],"single-antenna":[22],"transmitter":[23],"communicating":[24],"with":[25,33],"legitimate":[27,127,166],"receiver":[28],"over":[29],"channel":[31,46,67,190],"estimated":[32],"known":[35],"error":[36],"distribution,":[37],"in":[38],"presence":[40],"passive":[43],"eavesdropper":[44,129,158,174],"whose":[45],"statistics":[47],"are":[48],"available":[49],"at":[50],"transmitter.":[52],"show":[54],"that,":[55],"number":[58],"frequencies":[61],"sufficiently":[63,178],"large,":[64],"instantaneous":[66],"fluctuations":[68],"induced":[69],"by":[70,85,95],"FH":[71],"transmissions":[72],"can":[73,152],"be":[74,153],"effectively":[75],"averaged":[76],"out,":[77],"and":[78,128,134],"secrecy":[80,88,150],"performance":[81],"accurately":[83],"predicted":[84],"ergodic":[87],"rate":[89,151],"(ESR).":[90],"The":[91],"ESR":[92],"maximized":[94],"selecting":[96],"optimal":[98,115],"modulation":[99,116],"order":[100],"from":[101],"set":[103],"admissible":[105],"finite":[106],"constellations.":[107],"derive":[109],"closed-form":[111],"condition":[112],"on":[113,121],"order,":[117],"which":[118],"only":[119],"depends":[120],"tail":[123],"probabilities":[124],"signal-to-noise":[130],"ratio":[131],"(SNR)":[132],"distributions,":[133],"we":[135,145],"propose":[136],"an":[137],"efficient":[138],"algorithm":[139],"for":[140],"its":[141],"computation.":[142],"In":[143],"particular,":[144],"demonstrate":[146],"that":[147,169],"positive":[149],"achieved":[154],"even":[155],"has":[159],"higher":[161],"average":[162],"SNR":[163,175],"than":[164],"receiver,":[167],"provided":[168],"spread":[171],"distribution":[176],"large.":[179],"Numerical":[180],"results":[181],"validate":[182],"proposed":[184],"framework":[185],"under":[186],"variety":[188],"models.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}
