{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204668147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","title":"Air Quality Based on the Spatial-Temporal Variations of Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)Concentrations Using R","display_name":"Air Quality Based on the Spatial-Temporal Variations of Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)Concentrations Using R","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204668147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","pdf_url":"https://anjs.edu.iq/index.php/anjs/article/download/3546/2157/31823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764508448","display_name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","issn_l":"1814-5922","issn":["1814-5922","2519-0881","2663-5453","2663-5461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366147104","host_organization_name":"Al-Nahrain University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366147104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Nahrain University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://anjs.edu.iq/index.php/anjs/article/download/3546/2157/31823","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057892443","display_name":"Layali Y. Salih AL-Mashhadani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-3017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-3017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Layali Y. Salih Al-Mashhadani1,*","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics,Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics,Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022046648","display_name":"S Dulaimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-9373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-9373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salam Dulaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics,College of Science,Al-Nahrain University,Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics,College of Science,Al-Nahrain University,Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103940331","display_name":"Asmaa Hadi Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5565-6021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5565-6021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmaa Hadi Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics,College of Science,Al-Nahrain University, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics,College of Science,Al-Nahrain University, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"63","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.0917000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.03240000084042549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality","display_name":"air quality","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm10","display_name":"PM10","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-variation","display_name":"spatiotemporal variation","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dust-storms","display_name":"dust storms","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-air-pollution","display_name":"urban air pollution","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/who-air-quality-guidelines","display_name":"WHO air quality guidelines","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects-of-air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution health effects","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7616999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.7003999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780822005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140516","display_name":"Particulate pollution","level":3,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698350","display_name":"Air pollutant concentrations","level":4,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987853052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollutants","level":3,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","pdf_url":"https://anjs.edu.iq/index.php/anjs/article/download/3546/2157/31823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764508448","display_name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","issn_l":"1814-5922","issn":["1814-5922","2519-0881","2663-5453","2663-5461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366147104","host_organization_name":"Al-Nahrain University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366147104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Nahrain University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:su-258681","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-258681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400561","display_name":"DiVA (Stockholm University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","host_organization_name":"Stockholm University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.29.2.06","pdf_url":"https://anjs.edu.iq/index.php/anjs/article/download/3546/2157/31823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764508448","display_name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","issn_l":"1814-5922","issn":["1814-5922","2519-0881","2663-5453","2663-5461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366147104","host_organization_name":"Al-Nahrain University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366147104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Nahrain University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318976","display_name":"University of Mosul","ror":"https://ror.org/039cf4q47"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204668147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204668147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390596618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215101465","https://openalex.org/W7165056204","https://openalex.org/W4414663805","https://openalex.org/W2803438105","https://openalex.org/W3135431821","https://openalex.org/W2566936565","https://openalex.org/W4391940606","https://openalex.org/W4411038059","https://openalex.org/W3183941879","https://openalex.org/W2995968961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air":[0],"pollution":[1,71,241],"is":[2],"an":[3],"escalating":[4],"health":[5,232],"problem":[6],"in":[7,115,164,231,247],"Iraq,":[8],"particularly":[9],"since":[10],"dry":[11],"and":[12,22,94,135,152,176,184,243],"semi-dry":[13],"conditions":[14],"often":[15],"exacerbate":[16],"the":[17,26,43,58,88,167,189,221,237],"loads":[18],"of":[19,28,124,170,201,227],"airborne":[20],"dust":[21,174],"particles.":[23],"We":[24,85,111],"assess":[25],"impact":[27],"fine":[29,202],"particulate":[30,119],"matter":[31,120],"PM2.":[32,91,92,150,187],"with":[33,61,105,137,166,180,224],"freely":[34],"available":[35],"Copernicus":[36],"Atmosphere":[37],"Monitoring":[38],"Service":[39],"(CAMS)":[40],"products":[41],"from":[42,64],"European":[44],"Centre":[45],"for":[46,96,100,219,239],"Medium-Range":[47],"Weather":[48],"forecast":[49],"(ECMWF)":[50],"over":[51],"Iraq.":[52,248],"The":[53,160],"analyses":[54],"were":[55,215],"performed":[56],"on":[57],"year":[59],"2021,":[60],"a":[62,101],"focus":[63],"January":[65],"to":[66,69,117,122,131,196,209],"March":[67],"due":[68],"higher":[70],"levels":[72,226],"within":[73],"this":[74],"period,":[75],"it":[76,193],"can":[77],"be":[78],"expected":[79],"that":[80,143],"particle":[81],"concentrations":[82,214],"are":[83,98,146,163],"elevated.":[84],"also":[86],"calculated":[87],"annual":[89],"mean":[90,212],"5":[93,151,207],"PM10":[95],"2021":[97],"provided":[99],"more":[102],"global":[103],"perspective":[104],"relevant":[106],"international":[107],"air-quality":[108],"reference":[109],"level.":[110],"used":[112],"spatial":[113],"methods":[114],"R":[116],"apply":[118],"fields":[121],"20":[123],"Iraq\u2019s":[125],"major":[126],"cities,":[127],"which":[128],"allowed":[129],"us":[130],"map":[132],"geographic":[133],"inconsistencies":[134],"areas":[136],"chronically":[138],"high":[139,225],"pollution.":[140],"Results":[141],"show":[142],"regional":[144],"contrasts":[145],"considered":[147],"very":[148],"strong:":[149],"PH10":[153],"than":[154],"cities":[155,222],"situated":[156],"north":[157],"or":[158],"southwest.":[159],"observed":[161],"patterns":[162],"line":[165],"synergistic":[168],"influences":[169],"weather":[171],"variability,":[172],"recurrent":[173],"storms,":[175],"local":[177],"emissions":[178],"associated":[179],"oil":[181],"industry":[182],"activity":[183],"urban":[185],"stressors.":[186],"In":[188],"most":[190],"polluted":[191],"areas,":[192],"was":[194],"trained":[195],"2023":[197],"data.":[198],"Large":[199],"portion":[200],"particles":[203],"as":[204],"implied":[205],"by":[206],"relative":[208],"PM10.In":[210],"total,":[211],"PM":[213],"above":[216],"WHO":[217],"guidelines":[218],"all":[220],"surveyed":[223],"exposure":[228],"likely":[229],"resulting":[230],"consequences.":[233],"These":[234],"results":[235],"support":[236],"case":[238],"air":[240],"control":[242],"place":[244],"specific":[245],"interventions":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}