{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204665688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","title":"Performance Evaluation of Fragmentation Metrics in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comprehensive Analysis and Classification Framework","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of Fragmentation Metrics in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comprehensive Analysis and Classification Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204665688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764379787","display_name":"International journal of intelligent engineering and systems","issn_l":"1882-708X","issn":["1882-708X","2185-310X","2185-3118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365922016","host_organization_name":"Intelligent Networks and Systems Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365922016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Intelligent Networks and Systems Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108042209","display_name":"Omar Y. Shaaban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3137-0640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3137-0640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Y. Shaaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146890532","display_name":"Ahmed M. Saheb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Saheb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"9","first_page":"1040","last_page":"1055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-optical-networks","display_name":"elastic optical networks","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-fragmentation","display_name":"spectrum fragmentation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragmentation-metrics","display_name":"fragmentation metrics","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mode-fiber","display_name":"single-mode fiber","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicore-fiber","display_name":"multicore fiber","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-allocation","display_name":"spectrum allocation","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"routing","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"benchmarking","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7972000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5382000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764379787","display_name":"International journal of intelligent engineering and systems","issn_l":"1882-708X","issn":["1882-708X","2185-310X","2185-3118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365922016","host_organization_name":"Intelligent Networks and Systems Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365922016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Intelligent Networks and Systems Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2026.0930.51","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764379787","display_name":"International journal of intelligent engineering and systems","issn_l":"1882-708X","issn":["1882-708X","2185-310X","2185-3118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365922016","host_organization_name":"Intelligent Networks and Systems Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365922016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Intelligent Networks and Systems Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204665688.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204665688.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965723188","https://openalex.org/W2901252376","https://openalex.org/W2930870850","https://openalex.org/W2982869271","https://openalex.org/W3005556588","https://openalex.org/W3007090728","https://openalex.org/W3010887667","https://openalex.org/W3083341044","https://openalex.org/W3160440745","https://openalex.org/W3194357765","https://openalex.org/W3201272726","https://openalex.org/W3207446307","https://openalex.org/W4307508560","https://openalex.org/W4310018103","https://openalex.org/W4388992222","https://openalex.org/W4408919802","https://openalex.org/W4410359092","https://openalex.org/W4410609400","https://openalex.org/W4411554477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415934013","https://openalex.org/W2990913890","https://openalex.org/W4293467545","https://openalex.org/W4410359092","https://openalex.org/W4410341400","https://openalex.org/W4410609412","https://openalex.org/W3013093991","https://openalex.org/W4411989479","https://openalex.org/W2982869271","https://openalex.org/W4318473551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"fragmentation":[1],"in":[2,8],"Elastic":[3],"Optical":[4],"Networks":[5],"(EONs)":[6],"results":[7,71],"serious":[9],"resource":[10],"wastage.Despite":[11],"numerous":[12],"works":[13],"and":[14,41],"efforts,":[15],"the":[16,74,79,96,116,120],"community":[17],"still":[18],"lacks":[19],"both":[20,39],"a":[21,35,47,62,86],"systematized":[22],"classification":[23],"as":[24,26],"well":[25],"an":[27],"inter-class":[28],"evaluation":[29,103],"framework.This":[30],"gap":[31],"was":[32],"addressed":[33],"with":[34,119],"proposed":[36],"taxonomy":[37],"concerning":[38],"SMF":[40],"Multi-Core":[42],"Fibers":[43],"(MCF)":[44],"driven":[45],"by":[46,85],"multi-faceted":[48],"utility":[49],"score.A":[50],"dynamic":[51,63],"benchmark":[52],"for":[53,95,130],"21":[54],"SMF-compatible":[55],"candidates":[56],"screened,":[57],"18":[58],"quantitatively":[59],"evaluated":[60],"using":[61],"RMSA":[64],"simulation,":[65],"on":[66],"three":[67],"different":[68],"network":[69],"topologies.Main":[70],"reveal":[72],"that":[73],"learned":[75],"representative":[76,98],"metric":[77],"is":[78],"most":[80],"accurate":[81],"blocking":[82,127],"predictor,":[83],"but":[84],"small":[87],"margin":[88],"(mean":[89],"per-run":[90],"AUC":[91,108],"0.714":[92],"versus":[93],"0.701":[94],"best":[97],"analytical":[99,117],"metric),":[100],"while":[101],"pooled":[102],"protocols":[104],"inflate":[105],"every":[106],"metric's":[107],"to":[109,133],"at":[110,137],"least":[111],"0.97":[112],"through":[113],"load":[114],"leakage.Conversely,":[115],"metrics":[118],"highest":[121],"predictive":[122],"accuracy":[123],"yield":[124],"significantly":[125],"higher":[126],"when":[128],"used":[129],"routing":[131],"(up":[132],"4.66":[134],"percentage":[135],"points":[136],"150":[138],"Erlangs).Three":[139],"deployment":[140],"zones":[141],"are":[142],"derived":[143],"accordingly.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}
