{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204665483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","title":"Signatures of parallel evolution in sperm-mediated paternal effects in threespined sticklebacks","display_name":"Signatures of parallel evolution in sperm-mediated paternal effects in threespined sticklebacks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204665483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088533661","display_name":"Jennifer K. Hellmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-3960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-3960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer K. Hellmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 43210"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-3960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 43210","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050855429","display_name":"Miles K. Bensky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-2981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-2981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127940","display_name":"Nestl\u00e9 (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0368qtc02","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112383","https://openalex.org/I4210127940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miles Bensky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nestl\u00e9 Purina Research, Saint-Louis, MO, United States of America","Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nestl\u00e9 Purina Research, Saint-Louis, MO, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002664251","display_name":"Alison M. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-8494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-8494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison M. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088533661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11505","display_name":"Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgenerational-plasticity","display_name":"transgenerational plasticity","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-evolution","display_name":"parallel evolution","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gasterosteus-aculeatus","display_name":"Gasterosteus aculeatus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipredator-behavior","display_name":"antipredator behavior","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predator-exposure","display_name":"predator exposure","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/larval-growth","display_name":"larval growth","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-to-freshwater-transition","display_name":"marine-freshwater transition","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-specific-effects","display_name":"sex-specific effects","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-evolution","display_name":"rapid evolution","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-evolution","display_name":"adaptive evolution","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgenerational-epigenetic-inheritance","display_name":"transgenerational epigenetic inheritance","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215420","display_name":"Stickleback","level":3,"score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8518000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.6481999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68775705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903761","display_name":"Parallel evolution","level":4,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777795971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80066","display_name":"Dragonfly","level":3,"score":0.5390999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62277055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295130","display_name":"Phenotypic plasticity","level":2,"score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780348204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136740","display_name":"Sculpin","level":3,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81077568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5397078","display_name":"Escape response","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96857902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138108","display_name":"Predator","level":3,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777631861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463057","display_name":"Poeciliidae","level":3,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780558290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134491","display_name":"Gasterosteus","level":3,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171170018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1892944","display_name":"M\u00fcllerian mimicry","level":2,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180838311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3720208","display_name":"Maternal effect","level":4,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111507845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17074181","display_name":"Paternal care","level":4,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778346400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751424","display_name":"Pike","level":3,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779762703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178202","display_name":"Guppy","level":3,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136397037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33753","display_name":"Metamorphosis","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7863114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192627","display_name":"Mimicry","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072742","display_name":"Freshwater fish","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135811302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382557","display_name":"Evolutionary ecology","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66698415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139127","display_name":"Life history theory","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117376503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751093","display_name":"Reproductive success","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779735984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30178","display_name":"Jellyfish","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86878447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266812","display_name":"Developmental plasticity","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3629973742","display_name":"Mechanisms driving multigenerational transmission of paternal stress in a new model","funder_award_id":"F32GM121033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7923766720","display_name":"Epigenetic mechanisms and consequences of fathering in sticklebacks","funder_award_id":"R01GM082937","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W850534478","https://openalex.org/W1968423560","https://openalex.org/W2000313414","https://openalex.org/W2019183489","https://openalex.org/W2079276367","https://openalex.org/W2126870214","https://openalex.org/W2147505351","https://openalex.org/W2154999279","https://openalex.org/W2319549227","https://openalex.org/W2344348295","https://openalex.org/W2411492674","https://openalex.org/W2486119046","https://openalex.org/W2792067802","https://openalex.org/W2886821134","https://openalex.org/W2898285295","https://openalex.org/W2921692537","https://openalex.org/W2948495288","https://openalex.org/W2956117561","https://openalex.org/W2963547074","https://openalex.org/W2969701266","https://openalex.org/W2983133737","https://openalex.org/W3012350583","https://openalex.org/W3034653077","https://openalex.org/W3100616945","https://openalex.org/W3102054506","https://openalex.org/W3137925107","https://openalex.org/W3195466080","https://openalex.org/W4233671617","https://openalex.org/W4285900223","https://openalex.org/W4294541781","https://openalex.org/W4309350270","https://openalex.org/W4318071673","https://openalex.org/W4388245503","https://openalex.org/W4392886275","https://openalex.org/W4399538195","https://openalex.org/W4400030670","https://openalex.org/W4400994361","https://openalex.org/W4406135673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979650476","https://openalex.org/W2971562123","https://openalex.org/W3102054506","https://openalex.org/W3100616945","https://openalex.org/W2948526233","https://openalex.org/W2281914421","https://openalex.org/W3137925107","https://openalex.org/W3195466080","https://openalex.org/W4400994361","https://openalex.org/W2064792595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Transgenerational":[1],"plasticity":[2],"(TGP)-":[3],"when":[4,30],"parental":[5,298],"environments":[6],"influence":[7],"offspring":[8,21,230,246],"phenotypes":[9],"-":[10],"is":[11,24,266],"ubiquitous":[12],"across":[13,44,83],"taxonomic":[14],"groups":[15],"and":[16,46,48,87,116,128,170,198,223,274,281,304],"can":[17],"have":[18],"benefits":[19],"for":[20,294],"beyond":[22],"what":[23],"possible":[25],"with":[26,193,251],"developmental":[27],"plasticity,":[28],"particularly":[29],"selective":[31],"pressures":[32],"are":[33],"high":[34,286],"early":[35],"in":[36,66,72,130,152,157,195,214,220,232,238,248,259,270,289,312,315],"life.":[37],"However,":[38,146],"patterns":[39,306],"of":[40,92,139,163,204,255,297,302],"TGP":[41,73,164,175,290,309],"vary":[42],"widely":[43],"populations":[45,91,183,216,234],"species,":[47],"the":[49,137,161,292],"evolutionary":[50,63,70],"processes":[51],"shaping":[52],"this":[53],"variation":[54,276,288],"remain":[55],"poorly":[56],"understood.":[57],"Here,":[58],"we":[59,147],"tested":[60],"whether":[61],"repeated":[62],"transitions":[64],"result":[65],"parallel":[67],"or":[68,109],"population-specific":[69,249],"divergence":[71],"relative":[74],"to":[75,103,107,112,121,136,154,207,261,317],"ancestral":[76,85],"conditions.":[77],"We":[78,100,188],"examined":[79],"sperm-mediated":[80],"paternal":[81,119,150,225,243,256],"effects":[82,151,244,254],"two":[84],"marine":[86,169,182,221,233],"three":[88],"derived":[89],"freshwater":[90,171,186,215,239],"threespined":[93],"stickleback":[94,206],"fish":[95],"(":[96],"Gasterosteus":[97],"aculeatus":[98],").":[99],"exposed":[101],"fathers":[102],"dragonfly":[104,144,208],"larvae":[105,209],"(endemic":[106,111],"freshwater)":[108],"sculpin":[110,140],"all":[113,158],"populations)":[114],"predators":[115,122,156],"measured":[117],"both":[118,155,196],"response":[120,153,260,316],"as":[123,125,181],"well":[124],"antipredator":[126,212],"behavior":[127,247],"growth":[129,231,237],"larval":[131,205],"offspring.":[132],"Fathers":[133],"behaviorally":[134],"responded":[135],"presence":[138],"predators,":[141],"but":[142],"not":[143,166,177],"larvae.":[145],"found":[148,189],"strong":[149,211,252],"populations.":[159,240],"Further,":[160],"magnitude":[162],"did":[165],"differ":[167],"between":[168],"populations,":[172,222],"suggesting":[173],"that":[174,217,308],"does":[176],"become":[178],"genetically":[179],"accommodated":[180],"move":[184],"into":[185],"habitats.":[187],"some":[190],"evidence":[191],"consistent":[192],"parallelism":[194,303],"within":[197],"trans-generational":[199],"plasticity:":[200],"1)":[201],"personal":[202],"exposure":[203,227,257],"elicited":[210],"responses":[213],"were":[218],"absent":[219],"2)":[224],"predation":[226],"consistently":[228],"increased":[229],"while":[235,300],"slowing":[236],"In":[241],"contrast,":[242],"altered":[245],"ways,":[250],"sex-specific":[253,305],"emerging":[258],"endemic":[262],"predators.":[263],"Adaptive":[264],"evolution":[265,296],"a":[267],"two-step":[268],"process,":[269],"which":[271],"heritable":[272],"genotypic":[273],"phenotypic":[275],"must":[277],"first":[278],"be":[279],"present":[280],"then":[282],"selected":[283],"on.":[284],"Therefore,":[285],"population-level":[287],"suggests":[291],"capacity":[293],"rapid":[295],"effects,":[299],"signatures":[301],"suggest":[307],"may":[310],"evolve":[311],"targeted":[313],"ways":[314],"ecological":[318],"stressors.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}