{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204659361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","title":"Smartphone addiction, social media use, and nomophobia among Turkish nursing students: a cross-sectional study","display_name":"Smartphone addiction, social media use, and nomophobia among Turkish nursing students: a cross-sectional study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204659361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107799410","display_name":"BMC Nursing","issn_l":"1472-6955","issn":["1472-6955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081003440","display_name":"Akg\u00fcn Ye\u015filtepe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-3118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-3118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64925351","display_name":"Munzur University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v0p1f11","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64925351"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akg\u00fcn Ye\u015filtepe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Science, Midwifery, Munzur University, Tunceli, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-3118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Science, Midwifery, Munzur University, Tunceli, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64925351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020902200","display_name":"Canan Demir Barut\u00e7u","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-5287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-5287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54515432","display_name":"Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/04xk0dc21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54515432"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Canan Demir Barutcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Science, Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-5287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Science, Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54515432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081003440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64925351"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-addiction","display_name":"smartphone addiction","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nomophobia","display_name":"nomophobia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-use","display_name":"social media use","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-students","display_name":"nursing students","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-duration","display_name":"sleep duration","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-social-networks","display_name":"social networking sites","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-well-being","display_name":"student well-being","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish-nursing-students","display_name":"Turkish nursing students","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.5846999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018459673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544146","display_name":"Smartphone addiction","level":3,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777812459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831735","display_name":"Internet addiction disorder","level":3,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64946054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874476","display_name":"Bayesian multivariate linear regression","level":3,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780344248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2084130","display_name":"Nursing management","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107799410","display_name":"BMC Nursing","issn_l":"1472-6955","issn":["1472-6955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05265-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107799410","display_name":"BMC Nursing","issn_l":"1472-6955","issn":["1472-6955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323304864","https://openalex.org/W3130164607","https://openalex.org/W2990116293","https://openalex.org/W7217697833","https://openalex.org/W7171876739","https://openalex.org/W4390846237","https://openalex.org/W7220793634","https://openalex.org/W2993356001","https://openalex.org/W2894720231","https://openalex.org/W4409118532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Problematic":[0],"smartphone":[1,40,51,71,170,245,271,290,297],"use":[2,291],"is":[3,22],"a":[4,106,279],"growing":[5],"behavioral":[6,284],"health":[7],"concern":[8],"among":[9,82,273],"university":[10],"students.":[11,85],"Nomophobia,":[12],"defined":[13],"as":[14],"anxiety":[15],"or":[16],"discomfort":[17],"when":[18],"mobile":[19],"phone":[20],"access":[21],"unavailable,":[23],"may":[24,31,277,299],"indicate":[25],"technology-related":[26,283],"psychological":[27],"vulnerability.":[28,285],"Nursing":[29],"students":[30,96,275],"be":[32],"particularly":[33],"vulnerable":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,66,76],"academic":[37,100],"demands,":[38],"frequent":[39],"use,":[41],"and":[42,54,73,75,114,130,138,158,220,228,248,258,276,292,303],"reliance":[43],"on":[44],"digital":[45],"communication.":[46],"However,":[47],"the":[48,68,98,110,115,162],"relationship":[49,69],"between":[50,70],"addiction,":[52],"nomophobia,":[53],"their":[55],"predictors":[56,79,233],"requires":[57],"further":[58,239],"investigation":[59],"in":[60,164,307],"this":[61,241],"population.":[62],"This":[63,86],"study":[64,89],"aimed":[65],"examine":[67],"addiction":[72,135,171,246,272],"nomophobia":[74,81,142,165,176,251,302],"identify":[77],"significant":[78,157,232],"of":[80,161,234,261,282,288],"Turkish":[83],"nursing":[84,95,274,308],"cross-sectional":[87],"correlational":[88],"was":[90,136,155,267],"conducted":[91],"with":[92,141,270],"296":[93],"undergraduate":[94],"during":[97],"2022\u20132023":[99],"year.":[101],"Data":[102,118],"were":[103,119,230],"collected":[104],"using":[105,121],"sociodemographic":[107],"information":[108],"form,":[109],"Smartphone":[111,134],"Addiction":[112],"Scale,":[113],"Nomophobia":[116,266],"Questionnaire.":[117],"analyzed":[120],"Pearson":[122],"correlation,":[123],"multiple":[124,151],"linear":[125,152],"regression,":[126],"confirmatory":[127],"factor":[128],"analysis,":[129],"structural":[131],"equation":[132,237],"modeling.":[133],"positively":[137,247],"moderately":[139,268],"correlated":[140],"(":[143],"r":[144],"=":[145,179,182,189,192,200,203,212,215,253],"0.544,":[146],"p":[147,184,194,205,217,255],"<":[148,185,195,206,218,256],"0.001).":[149,186],"The":[150],"regression":[153],"model":[154],"statistically":[156],"explained":[159,259],"47.0%":[160],"variance":[163,263],"scores":[166,172],"(R\u00b2=":[167,264],"0.470).":[168],"Higher":[169],"significantly":[173,249],"predicted":[174,250],"higher":[175],"levels":[177],"(B":[178,188,199,211],"1.109,":[180],"\u03b2":[181,191,202,214],"0.493,":[183],"Age":[187],"2.107,":[190],"0.138,":[193],"0.05),":[196,219],"monthly":[197],"income":[198],"0.002,":[201],"0.211,":[204],"0.001),":[207],"daily":[208],"sleep":[209],"duration":[210],"1.850,":[213],"0.094":[216],"specific":[221],"social":[222],"media":[223],"usage":[224],"characteristics":[225],"(Facebook,":[226],"Instagram,":[227],"Twitter)":[229],"also":[231],"nomophobia.":[235],"Structural":[236],"modeling":[238],"supported":[240],"relationship,":[242],"indicating":[243],"that":[244],"(\u03b2":[252],"0.62,":[254],"0.001)":[257],"38%":[260],"its":[262],"0.38).":[265],"associated":[269],"reflect":[278],"broader":[280],"pattern":[281],"Early":[286],"identification":[287],"problematic":[289],"educational":[293],"interventions":[294],"addressing":[295],"healthy":[296],"habits":[298],"help":[300],"reduce":[301],"support":[304],"students\u2019":[305],"well-being":[306],"education":[309],"settings.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}