{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204658400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","title":"Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Teaching Hospital in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh","display_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Teaching Hospital in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204658400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","pdf_url":"https://www.globalmeetx.com/journals/jwhs/articles/JWHS-25-1120-13_1770101202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407059033","display_name":"Journal of Women s Clinical Health Research","issn_l":"3107-9857","issn":["3107-9857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Women's Clinical Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.globalmeetx.com/journals/jwhs/articles/JWHS-25-1120-13_1770101202.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108789879","display_name":"Alnkrita Bansal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alnkrita Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Junior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Junior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144182077","display_name":"G Indira","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indira G","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007429712","display_name":"Viswa Kalyan Kolli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-0103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-0103"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viswa Kalyan Kolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148590034","display_name":"Divya KSK","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divya KSK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148616596","display_name":"Karisini P","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karisini P","raw_affiliation_strings":["Junior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Junior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108789879"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13004","display_name":"Vitamin K Research Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"pregnancy","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnant-women","display_name":"pregnant women","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-exposure","display_name":"sun exposure","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eating-habits","display_name":"dietary habits","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitzpatrick-skin-type","display_name":"Fitzpatrick skin type","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-coastal-andhra-pradesh","display_name":"North Coastal Andhra Pradesh","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-india","display_name":"South India","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-trimester","display_name":"third trimester","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prepregnancy-body-mass-index","display_name":"pre-pregnancy body mass index","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-history","display_name":"reproductive history","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-pigmentation","display_name":"skin pigmentation","score":0.5529999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7781000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779740938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4138762","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","level":3,"score":0.6826000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126691","display_name":"Gestational diabetes","level":4,"score":0.6322000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121752807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981388","display_name":"Reproductive health","level":3,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10885799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80015","display_name":"Obstetrics and gynaecology","level":3,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775887326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308829","display_name":"Prenatal care","level":3,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994204100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690942","display_name":"Sun exposure","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018552615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813474","display_name":"Teaching hospital","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","pdf_url":"https://www.globalmeetx.com/journals/jwhs/articles/JWHS-25-1120-13_1770101202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407059033","display_name":"Journal of Women s Clinical Health Research","issn_l":"3107-9857","issn":["3107-9857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Women's Clinical Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.67238/jwhs.2026.v2.01","pdf_url":"https://www.globalmeetx.com/journals/jwhs/articles/JWHS-25-1120-13_1770101202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407059033","display_name":"Journal of Women s Clinical Health Research","issn_l":"3107-9857","issn":["3107-9857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Women's Clinical Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204658400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204658400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285300502","https://openalex.org/W7122841205","https://openalex.org/W2079433091","https://openalex.org/W7134040744","https://openalex.org/W3017107420","https://openalex.org/W4405407515","https://openalex.org/W2918060785","https://openalex.org/W2741921871","https://openalex.org/W2911391726","https://openalex.org/W4382358103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Vitamin":[1,336,449],"D":[2,33,131,156,320,337,395,418,450,485,546,582],"deficiency":[3,34,132,396,444,451,496,561,583],"during":[4],"pregnancy":[5],"represents":[6],"a":[7,137,595],"critical":[8,104,596],"global":[9],"health":[10,19,119,598,675,709,717,728],"challenge":[11],"with":[12,191,331,362,403,415,433,456,487,502,512,522,541,628,656],"far-reaching":[13],"consequences":[14],"for":[15,211,371,375,381,643,669,690,705],"maternal":[16,706],"and":[17,59,75,116,149,158,189,207,215,246,256,294,365,378,463,483,544,565,613,620,634,688,707,715,726],"fetal":[18],"outcomes.":[20],"Despite":[21],"India's":[22],"geographical":[23],"advantage":[24],"of":[25,49,68,129,276,393,400,580,652,665,673,684,739],"receiving":[26,489],"abundant":[27,621],"sunlight":[28,458,480,623],"throughout":[29],"the":[30,127,196,244,310,446,640,736,743],"year,":[31],"vitamin":[32,130,155,394,417,484,545,581],"paradoxically":[35],"remains":[36],"highly":[37],"prevalent":[38],"among":[39,133,230,584],"pregnant":[40,134,234,401,585,740],"women":[41,135,235,488,586,741],"across":[42,445],"various":[43],"regions,":[44],"contributing":[45],"to":[46,111,125,150,199,219,266,342,438,468,660,695,730],"increased":[47],"risks":[48],"preeclampsia,":[50],"gestational":[51,550],"diabetes":[52],"mellitus,":[53],"preterm":[54],"birth,":[55],"low":[56,427],"birth":[57],"weight,":[58],"long-term":[60],"developmental":[61],"complications":[62],"in":[63,81,142,146,236,568,587,591,610,742],"offspring.":[64],"The":[65,386,420,605,625,699],"complex":[66],"interplay":[67],"cultural":[69],"practices,":[70,184,682],"lifestyle":[71,178,288],"factors,":[72,289],"dietary":[73,185,290,685,697],"patterns,":[74,182,291],"physiological":[76],"variations":[77],"creates":[78],"unique":[79],"challenges":[80],"addressing":[82],"this":[83,569,732],"preventable":[84,733],"nutritional":[85],"deficiency.":[86],"Limited":[87],"comprehensive":[88,224,573,674],"research":[89],"exists":[90],"from":[91,96,436,722],"South":[92,147,592],"Indian":[93],"populations,":[94,671],"particularly":[95],"teaching":[97,140],"hospitals":[98],"serving":[99],"diverse":[100],"demographic":[101,564],"groups,":[102],"highlighting":[103],"knowledge":[105],"gaps":[106],"that":[107,560],"must":[108,649],"be":[109],"addressed":[110],"develop":[112],"effective,":[113],"context-specific":[114],"interventions":[115],"evidence-based":[117,209,645],"public":[118,597,716,727],"policies.":[120],"Objective:":[121],"This":[122,572],"study":[123,197,227,387,447],"aimed":[124],"determine":[126],"prevalence":[128,392,579],"attending":[136,243],"tertiary":[138],"care":[139],"hospital":[141],"North":[143,588],"Coastal":[144,589],"AP":[145,590],"India":[148],"comprehensively":[151],"evaluate":[152],"associations":[153,455,519,627],"between":[154,253,478],"status":[157,338,511,527],"multiple":[159],"determinants":[160],"including":[161,368],"sociodemographic":[162],"characteristics":[163,636],"(age,":[164],"education,":[165],"socioeconomic":[166,526,566],"status,":[167,486],"residential":[168,533],"location),":[169],"clinical":[170,295,712],"parameters":[171],"(gestational":[172],"age,":[173],"pre-pregnancy":[174,555],"BMI,":[175],"reproductive":[176],"history),":[177],"factors":[179,203,630],"(sunlight":[180,631],"exposure":[181,459,481,491,504,632,681],"clothing":[183],"habits,":[186],"physical":[187],"activity),":[188],"compliance":[190,540],"routine":[192,542,617],"supplementation":[193,292,547,618,654],"protocols.":[194,304],"Additionally,":[195],"sought":[198],"identify":[200],"independent":[201],"risk":[202,382,662],"through":[204,262,280],"multivariate":[205,366],"analysis":[206,357],"generate":[208],"recommendations":[210],"enhanced":[212,653],"screening,":[213],"prevention,":[214],"treatment":[216,614],"strategies":[217],"tailored":[218,659],"regional":[220,622,696],"populations.":[221],"Methods:":[222],"A":[223,473],"hospital-based":[225],"cross-sectional":[226],"was":[228,307,339,425],"conducted":[229],"230":[231],"carefully":[232],"selected":[233],"their":[237],"third":[238],"trimester":[239],"(\u226536":[240],"weeks":[241],"gestation)":[242],"Obstetrics":[245],"Gynecology":[247],"Department":[248],"at":[249,428],"GIMSR":[250],"Hospital,":[251],"Visakhapatnam,":[252],"October":[254],"2022":[255],"March":[257],"2024.":[258],"Participants":[259],"were":[260,300,323,520],"recruited":[261],"systematic":[263],"random":[264],"sampling":[265],"ensure":[267],"representative":[268],"population":[269],"coverage.":[270],"Extensive":[271],"data":[272],"collection":[273],"involved":[274],"administration":[275],"structured,":[277],"validated":[278,312],"questionnaires":[279],"trained":[281],"personnel,":[282],"capturing":[283],"detailed":[284],"information":[285],"on":[286],"demographics,":[287],"compliance,":[293],"parameters.":[296],"Comprehensive":[297],"anthropometric":[298],"measurements":[299],"obtained":[301],"using":[302,309,325],"standardized":[303],"Skin":[305,314],"pigmentation":[306,466],"assessed":[308],"internationally":[311],"Fitzpatrick":[313,469],"Type":[315],"Classification":[316],"system.":[317],"Serum":[318],"25-hydroxyvitamin":[319],"[25(OH)D]":[321],"concentrations":[322],"measured":[324],"high-precision":[326],"electrochemiluminescence":[327],"immunoassay":[328],"(ECLIA)":[329],"technology":[330],"rigorous":[332],"quality":[333],"control":[334],"measures.":[335],"categorized":[340],"according":[341,467],"Endocrine":[343],"Society":[344],"guidelines:":[345],"deficient":[346],"(<20":[347],"ng/mL),":[348,351],"insufficient":[349,409],"(20-29":[350],"or":[352,554],"sufficient":[353],"(\u226530":[354],"ng/mL).":[355],"Statistical":[356],"employed":[358],"SPSS":[359],"version":[360],"25.0":[361],"appropriate":[363],"univariate":[364],"techniques,":[367],"chi-square":[369],"tests":[370],"categorical":[372],"variables,":[373,377],"t-tests":[374],"continuous":[376],"logistic":[379],"regression":[380],"factor":[383],"identification.":[384],"Results:":[385],"revealed":[388],"an":[389,404,576],"alarmingly":[390],"high":[391,578],"affecting":[397,735],"76.1%":[398],"(n=175)":[399],"women,":[402],"additional":[405],"21.7%":[406],"(n=50)":[407],"demonstrating":[408],"levels,":[410],"leaving":[411],"only":[412],"2.2%":[413],"(n=5)":[414],"adequate":[416],"status.":[419],"mean":[421],"serum":[422],"25(OH)D":[423],"concentration":[424],"critically":[426],"14.23":[429],"\u00b1":[430],"8.33":[431],"ng/mL,":[432,440],"values":[434],"ranging":[435],"1.1":[437],"52.0":[439],"indicating":[441],"widespread":[442],"severe":[443],"population.":[448,570],"demonstrated":[452,508],"strong":[453],"statistical":[454],"limited":[457],"patterns":[460],"(p<0.001,":[461,471],"\u03c7\u00b2=178.6)":[462],"darker":[464],"skin":[465],"classification":[470],"\u03c7\u00b2=41.17).":[472],"clear":[474],"dose-response":[475],"relationship":[476],"emerged":[477],"weekly":[479],"duration":[482],"minimal":[490],"(\u22641.5":[492],"hours":[493,506],"weekly)":[494,507],"showing":[495],"rates":[497],"exceeding":[498],"95%,":[499],"while":[500],"those":[501],"optimal":[503,679],"(\u22653":[505],"significantly":[509],"improved":[510],"some":[513],"achieving":[514],"sufficiency.":[515],"Surprisingly,":[516],"no":[517],"significant":[518],"detected":[521],"age":[523,551],"groups":[524],"(p=0.27),":[525],"classifications":[528,557],"(p=0.29),":[529],"urban":[530],"versus":[531],"rural":[532],"location":[534],"(p=0.32),":[535],"educational":[536],"attainment":[537],"levels":[538],"(p=0.79),":[539],"calcium":[543],"protocols":[548,619,655],"(p=0.19),":[549],"categories":[552],"(p=0.81),":[553],"BMI":[556],"(p=0.98),":[558],"suggesting":[559],"transcends":[562],"traditional":[563],"boundaries":[567],"Conclusion:":[571],"investigation":[574],"demonstrates":[575],"extraordinarily":[577],"India,":[593],"representing":[594],"emergency":[599],"requiring":[600],"immediate,":[601],"coordinated":[602],"intervention":[603],"strategies.":[604],"findings":[606,701],"reveal":[607],"fundamental":[608],"inadequacies":[609],"current":[611],"prevention":[612],"approaches,":[615],"despite":[616],"availability.":[624],"predominant":[626],"modifiable":[629],"patterns)":[633],"non-modifiable":[635],"(skin":[637],"pigmentation)":[638],"underscore":[639],"urgent":[641],"need":[642],"personalized,":[644],"interventions.":[646],"Priority":[647],"actions":[648],"include":[650],"implementation":[651],"higher":[657],"doses":[658],"individual":[661],"profiles,":[663],"development":[664],"targeted":[666],"screening":[667],"programs":[668],"high-risk":[670],"creation":[672],"education":[676],"initiatives":[677],"emphasizing":[678],"sun":[680],"establishment":[683],"counseling":[686],"programs,":[687],"advocacy":[689],"food":[691],"fortification":[692],"policies":[693],"adapted":[694],"patterns.":[698],"study's":[700],"have":[702],"profound":[703],"implications":[704],"child":[708],"policy":[710],"development,":[711],"practice":[713],"guidelines,":[714],"programming,":[718],"demanding":[719],"immediate":[720],"attention":[721],"healthcare":[723],"providers,":[724],"policymakers,":[725],"authorities":[729],"address":[731],"crisis":[734],"vast":[737],"majority":[738],"region.":[744]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}
