{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204628294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","title":"Can integrated behavioral models explain the PM2.5 preventive measure adoption gap? Structural equation modeling of PADM-TPB pathways in urban Thailand","display_name":"Can integrated behavioral models explain the PM2.5 preventive measure adoption gap? Structural equation modeling of PADM-TPB pathways in urban Thailand","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204628294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252026001674/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239238","display_name":"City and Environment Interactions","issn_l":"2590-2520","issn":["2590-2520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City and Environment Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252026001674/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020713702","display_name":"Jeevan Bhatta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-3982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-3982","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3129-4043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU","TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeevan Bhatta","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","Graduate Program of Health and Sustainable Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program of Health and Sustainable Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021185831","display_name":"Piyapong Janmaimool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-3825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-3825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piyapong Janmaimool","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024654519","display_name":"Vladimir Strezov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-9284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-9284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Strezov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050728393","display_name":"Paul J. Beggs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-1783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-1783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul John Beggs","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035213060","display_name":"Orapin C Laosee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-1240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-1240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU","TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orapin Laosee","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032745164","display_name":"Cheerawit Rattanapan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-422X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-422X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU","TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheerawit Rattanapan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global Health - Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032745164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158","https://openalex.org/I99043593"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":5.88,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9687669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"100460","last_page":"100460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.04540000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-behavior","display_name":"protective behavior","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-action-decision-model","display_name":"Protective Action Decision Model","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-behavioral-control","display_name":"perceived behavioral control","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-perception","display_name":"threat perception","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-norms","display_name":"subjective norms","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes","display_name":"attitudes","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge","display_name":"knowledge","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mask-wearing","display_name":"masking","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-air-quality","display_name":"urban air quality","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangkok","display_name":"Bangkok","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-communication","display_name":"public health communication","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.7231000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6855999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781472820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154759","display_name":"Risk measure","level":3,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509619924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17130757","display_name":"Structural complexity","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252026001674/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239238","display_name":"City and Environment Interactions","issn_l":"2590-2520","issn":["2590-2520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City and Environment Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c315af901104ef0b2e95b6afa2e1ef7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c315af901104ef0b2e95b6afa2e1ef7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"City and Environment Interactions, Vol 31, Iss , Pp 100460- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100460","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252026001674/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239238","display_name":"City and Environment Interactions","issn_l":"2590-2520","issn":["2590-2520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City and Environment Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320591","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322401","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204628294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204628294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W619965170","https://openalex.org/W1992193527","https://openalex.org/W1997092577","https://openalex.org/W1999226691","https://openalex.org/W2010420668","https://openalex.org/W2014134373","https://openalex.org/W2017785078","https://openalex.org/W2021611230","https://openalex.org/W2032995495","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2062121040","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2076167571","https://openalex.org/W2081363108","https://openalex.org/W2089659076","https://openalex.org/W2091261347","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2104057213","https://openalex.org/W2122912498","https://openalex.org/W2139452699","https://openalex.org/W2152095411","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2161244835","https://openalex.org/W2179683524","https://openalex.org/W2590559263","https://openalex.org/W2921299202","https://openalex.org/W2972918746","https://openalex.org/W2974930466","https://openalex.org/W2990156948","https://openalex.org/W2995576379","https://openalex.org/W3006291201","https://openalex.org/W3082048961","https://openalex.org/W3086249988","https://openalex.org/W3092861045","https://openalex.org/W3160465585","https://openalex.org/W3191736898","https://openalex.org/W3212203507","https://openalex.org/W4211160265","https://openalex.org/W4225598916","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4313592602","https://openalex.org/W4386951279","https://openalex.org/W4387058442","https://openalex.org/W4391058402","https://openalex.org/W4391118452","https://openalex.org/W4392000662","https://openalex.org/W4393224248","https://openalex.org/W4399075487","https://openalex.org/W4399528145","https://openalex.org/W4401029683","https://openalex.org/W4403286062","https://openalex.org/W4403828633","https://openalex.org/W4404494245","https://openalex.org/W4405496363","https://openalex.org/W4406630073","https://openalex.org/W4408818684","https://openalex.org/W4411589900","https://openalex.org/W4413899728","https://openalex.org/W4414168938","https://openalex.org/W7128020836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318778673","https://openalex.org/W4225598916","https://openalex.org/W4403286062","https://openalex.org/W2985856146","https://openalex.org/W3095315479","https://openalex.org/W4413015338","https://openalex.org/W7162255646","https://openalex.org/W3186031051","https://openalex.org/W3160214973","https://openalex.org/W2569432169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fine":[0],"particulate":[1],"matter":[2],"(PM":[3],"2.5":[4,267,310],")":[5],"poses":[6],"a":[7,47,227,243,247,269,282],"significant":[8],"health":[9,244,305],"risk":[10,48],"to":[11,82,124,133,156,319],"residents":[12],"of":[13,46,92,171,189],"Bangkok":[14],"and":[15,49,64,84,89,102,118,147,168,217,316,336],"its":[16],"surrounding":[17],"provinces,":[18],"yet":[19],"many":[20],"do":[21],"not":[22,54],"consistently":[23],"adopt":[24],"protective":[25,251,337],"behaviors,":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"wearing":[29],"masks":[30],"or":[31,202],"limiting":[32],"outdoor":[33],"activities,":[34],"even":[35],"when":[36],"pollution":[37],"levels":[38],"are":[39],"high.":[40],"This":[41,57],"\u201cadoption":[42],"gap\u201d":[43],"between":[44,334],"awareness":[45,335],"acting":[50],"on":[51],"it":[52],"is":[53],"well":[55],"understood.":[56],"study":[58,109],"examined":[59],"this":[60],"gap":[61,333],"by":[62],"developing":[63],"testing":[65],"an":[66,86],"integrated":[67,151],"behavioral":[68,145,183],"model":[69,152],"combining":[70],"the":[71,90,135,157,172,186,332],"Protective":[72],"Action":[73],"Decision":[74],"Model":[75],"(PADM),":[76],"which":[77,96],"explains":[78,97],"how":[79,98],"people":[80],"come":[81],"recognize":[83],"appraise":[85],"environmental":[87],"hazard,":[88],"Theory":[91],"Planned":[93],"Behavior":[94],"(TPB),":[95],"attitudes,":[99,141],"social":[100,203],"pressures,":[101],"perceived":[103,139,144,182,207,223,286],"control":[104,184],"shape":[105],"behavior.":[106,176],"A":[107],"cross-sectional":[108],"was":[110,131,185,209],"conducted":[111],"among":[112,137],"1214":[113],"adults":[114],"across":[115],"Bangkok,":[116],"Nonthaburi,":[117],"Samut":[119],"Prakan":[120],"provinces":[121],"from":[122],"April":[123],"May":[125],"2025.":[126],"Structural":[127],"Equation":[128],"Modeling":[129],"(SEM)":[130],"used":[132],"examine":[134],"pathways":[136],"knowledge,":[138],"threat,":[140],"subjective":[142,218],"norms,":[143],"control,":[146],"preventive":[148,175,190],"behaviors.":[149],"The":[150],"showed":[153,226,268],"excellent":[154],"fit":[155],"data":[158],"(CFI":[159],"=":[160,163,166,193,215,221,234,237,276,289],"0.955,":[161],"TLI":[162],"0.947,":[164],"RMSEA":[165],"0.056)":[167],"explained":[169],"21.3%":[170],"variance":[173],"in":[174,326,339],"Three":[177],"findings":[178,301],"stood":[179],"out.":[180],"First,":[181],"strongest":[187],"correlate":[188],"behavior":[191,232,274],"(\u03b2":[192,214,220,233,275,288],"0.386,":[194],"p":[195,236,278,291],"<":[196,279,292],".001),":[197,293],"more":[198],"important":[199],"than":[200,261],"attitudes":[201,213],"norms.":[204],"Second,":[205],"while":[206],"threat":[208,224,287],"positively":[210],"associated":[211,257],"with":[212,231,258,273,285],"0.857)":[216],"norms":[219],"0.424),":[222],"itself":[225],"negative":[228,283],"direct":[229,271],"association":[230,272,284],"\u22120.209,":[235],".005),":[238],"suggesting":[239],"that":[240,250,303,307],"fear":[241],"about":[242,265],"risk,":[245],"without":[246,312],"corresponding":[248],"sense":[249],"action":[252,338],"will":[253],"help,":[254],"can":[255],"be":[256,323],"avoidance":[259],"rather":[260],"action.":[262],"Third,":[263],"knowledge":[264,295],"PM":[266,309],"positive":[270],"0.106,":[277],".001)":[280],"but":[281],"\u22120.121,":[290],"indicating":[294],"operates":[296],"through":[297],"multiple":[298],"pathways.":[299],"These":[300],"suggest":[302],"public":[304],"messaging":[306],"emphasizes":[308],"dangers":[311],"building":[313],"residents'":[314],"confidence":[315],"practical":[317],"capacity":[318],"protect":[320],"themselves":[321],"may":[322],"insufficient":[324],"and,":[325],"some":[327],"cases,":[328],"counterproductive":[329],"for":[330],"closing":[331],"urban":[340],"Southeast":[341],"Asia.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}