{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204619947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","title":"Growth Parameters in Sudanese Children and Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS: Findings from a Retrospective Cohort Study","display_name":"Growth Parameters in Sudanese Children and Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS: Findings from a Retrospective Cohort Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204619947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpids/article-pdf/15/Supplement_2/S17/70833419/piag070.042.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912147776","display_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","issn_l":"2048-7193","issn":["2048-7193","2048-7207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpids/article-pdf/15/Supplement_2/S17/70833419/piag070.042.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148579448","display_name":"Mohamed Ali Mohammed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135870","display_name":"Sudan Medical Specialization Board","ror":"https://ror.org/02ts9m233","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135870"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ali Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sudan Medical Specialization Board , Khartoum ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sudan Medical Specialization Board , Khartoum ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148616850","display_name":"Israa Ali Suliman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37322517","display_name":"Omdurman Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/025qja684","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37322517"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israa Ali Suliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University , Omdurman ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University , Omdurman ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37322517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028886756","display_name":"Omer Babiker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-3813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-3813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37322517","display_name":"Omdurman Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/025qja684","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37322517"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Osman Babiker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University , Omdurman ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University , Omdurman ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37322517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002509936","display_name":"Nur Rahma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148209","display_name":"University of Bahri","ror":"https://ror.org/05jds5x60","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour Elhouda Ata Alla Rahma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Omdurman Medical HIV/AIDS Care Unit (OMACU), Omdurman ,","Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Bahri , Khartoum North ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omdurman Medical HIV/AIDS Care Unit (OMACU), Omdurman ,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Bahri , Khartoum North ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121122701","display_name":"Maisoon Abdalla Mohamed Abdelrahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maisoon Abdalla Mohamed Abdelrahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Omdurman Medical HIV/AIDS Care Unit (OMACU), Omdurman ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omdurman Medical HIV/AIDS Care Unit (OMACU), Omdurman ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001210391","display_name":"Albert Botchway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-8314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-8314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196729704","display_name":"SIU Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0232r4451","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196729704","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Botchway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,","Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196729704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196729704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093579943","display_name":"Sean McGinity","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196729704","display_name":"SIU Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0232r4451","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196729704","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean McGinity","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196729704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148611147","display_name":"Muna Dawoud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9353105","display_name":"Sudan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02fwtg066","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9353105"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muna Dawoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital , Omdurman ,","Faculty of Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology , Khartoum ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital , Omdurman ,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology , Khartoum ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9353105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148581425","display_name":"Ezzeldin Saleh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196729704","display_name":"SIU Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0232r4451","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196729704","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezzeldin Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield, Illinois ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196729704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112950224","display_name":"Omaima Abdelmajeed Mohamed Salih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-5452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-5452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37322517","display_name":"Omdurman Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/025qja684","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37322517"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omaima Abdelmajeed Mohamed Salih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University , Omdurman ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University , Omdurman ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37322517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4752,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4752},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"Supplement_2","first_page":"S17","last_page":"S18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.8306000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.8306000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.15109999477863312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-parameters","display_name":"growth parameters","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underweight","display_name":"underweight","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wasting","display_name":"wasting","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stunting","display_name":"stunting","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-hiv-diagnosis","display_name":"age at HIV diagnosis","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-side-effects","display_name":"treatment side effects","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudan","display_name":"Sudan","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cdc-growth-charts","display_name":"CDC growth charts","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/who-clinical-staging","display_name":"WHO clinical stage","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perinatal-transmission","display_name":"perinatal transmission","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779764123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7972881","display_name":"Wasting","level":2,"score":0.7186999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6276999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.626800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185032368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365243","display_name":"Tropical medicine","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019165603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral treatment","level":5,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C986699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311463","display_name":"Sida","level":4,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpids/article-pdf/15/Supplement_2/S17/70833419/piag070.042.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912147776","display_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","issn_l":"2048-7193","issn":["2048-7193","2048-7207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag070/piag070.042","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpids/article-pdf/15/Supplement_2/S17/70833419/piag070.042.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912147776","display_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","issn_l":"2048-7193","issn":["2048-7193","2048-7207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204619947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204619947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206988284","https://openalex.org/W3012890621","https://openalex.org/W2613093845","https://openalex.org/W4287377774","https://openalex.org/W1566233060","https://openalex.org/W2082670309","https://openalex.org/W2993067019","https://openalex.org/W3135947154","https://openalex.org/W1158759043","https://openalex.org/W2119838059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Human":[2],"immunodeficiency":[3],"virus":[4],"(HIV)":[5],"remains":[6],"a":[7,120,252,361,383],"major":[8],"global":[9],"public":[10],"health":[11,391],"problem.":[12],"Globally,":[13],"about":[14,53],"39.9":[15],"million":[16],"people":[17],"are":[18,58],"living":[19,95],"with":[20,23,96,164,198,224,260,301],"HIV":[21,27,244],"(LWHIV),":[22],"two-thirds":[24],"in":[25,32,68,103,192,248,308,331],"Africa.":[26],"infection":[28],"adversely":[29,216,341],"affects":[30],"growth":[31,46,74,84,150,153,229,307,330,357,389],"children":[33,55,78,94,124,180,333,338,394],"and":[34,79,86,89,125,134,144,188,195,204,269,310,334,345,355,373,390,395],"adolescents":[35,80,126,335,396],"LWHIV.":[36,81,336,397],"Highly":[37],"active":[38],"anti-retroviral":[39],"therapy":[40,349],"(HAART)":[41],"is":[42,71,367,382],"shown":[43],"to":[44,148,160,351,369,386],"improve":[45,370,387],"outcomes.":[47],"In":[48],"Sudan,":[49],"WHO":[50,265],"estimated":[51],"that":[52],"4,600":[54],"aged":[56],"0-14":[57],"LWHIV,":[59],"of":[60,76,123,178,212,227,255,289,305,328,347,360,375,392],"whom":[61],"only":[62],"15%":[63],"were":[64,137,146,182,190,214,339],"receiving":[65],"antiretroviral":[66,348],"treatment":[67,90,374],"2023.":[69],"Data":[70],"lacking":[72],"on":[73],"profile":[75],"Sudanese":[77,93,332,393],"We":[82,118,155],"assessed":[83],"parameters":[85],"described":[87],"clinical":[88,135,266,353],"characteristics":[91],"among":[92],"HIV/AIDS.":[97],"Methods":[98],"A":[99,176],"cross-sectional":[100],"study":[101,324],"conducted":[102],"Omdurman":[104],"HIV/AIDS":[105],"Care":[106],"Unit":[107],"(OMACU),":[108],"Tropical":[109],"Diseases":[110],"Teaching":[111],"Hospital,":[112],"Omdurman,":[113],"Sudan":[114],"during":[115],"January-June":[116],"2021.":[117],"included":[119,183],"convenient":[121],"sample":[122],"LWHIV":[127,181],"presenting":[128,263],"for":[129,172],"routine":[130],"outpatient":[131],"HIV-care.":[132],"Demographic":[133],"data":[136,173],"extracted":[138],"from":[139],"medical":[140],"records.":[141],"Weight,":[142],"height,":[143],"BMI":[145],"measured":[147],"assess":[149],"using":[151],"CDC":[152],"charts.":[154],"further":[156],"performed":[157],"multivariable":[158],"analyses":[159],"identify":[161],"factors":[162],"associated":[163,223,300],"abnormal":[165,228,306,356],"growth.":[166],"R":[167],"version":[168],"4.4.2":[169],"was":[170,222,240,245,276,292,299],"used":[171],"analysis.":[174],"Results":[175],"total":[177],"150":[179],"(Table":[184,206],"1).":[185],"Underweight,":[186],"wasting":[187],"stunting":[189],"found":[191,325],"58.7%,":[193],"57.3%,":[194],"37.3%;":[196],"respectively":[197],"no":[199],"significant":[200],"differences":[201],"between":[202],"males":[203],"females":[205],"2).":[207],"Children":[208],"\u2265":[209],"10":[210],"years":[211,294],"age":[213,219,254],"significantly":[215,302],"affected.":[217,342],"Older":[218,337],"at":[220,251,264],"diagnosis":[221,344,372],"higher":[225],"odds":[226,304],"(OR":[230,314],"1.32":[231],"(1.14,":[232],"1.56),":[233],"p":[234,319],"=":[235,320],"<0.001).":[236],"Although":[237],"perinatal":[238,365],"transmission":[239],"the":[241,388],"predominant":[242],"mode,":[243],"diagnosed":[246],"late":[247],"all":[249],"children,":[250],"median":[253,287],"4":[256,293],"(2,":[257,295],"7)":[258],"years,":[259],"majority":[261],"(80%)":[262],"stage":[267],"2":[268],"3.":[270],"The":[271,286],"most":[272],"frequently":[273],"prescribed":[274],"regimen":[275,298],"Zidovudine/":[277],"Lamivudine/Efavirenz":[278],"(AZT/3TC/EFV)":[279],"(51%),":[280],"followed":[281],"by":[282],"Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine":[283],"(AZT/3TC/NVP)":[284],"(30%).":[285],"duration":[288],"ART":[290],"use":[291],"8).":[296],"AZT/3TC/NVP":[297],"lower":[303],"weight":[309],"height":[311],"than":[312],"AZT/3TC/EFV":[313],"0.36":[315],"(0.14":[316],"\u2013":[317],"0.94),":[318],"0.039).":[321],"Conclusion":[322],"This":[323],"high":[326],"prevalence":[327],"suboptimal":[329],"more":[340],"Late":[343],"start":[346],"contributed":[350],"advanced":[352],"disease":[354],"parameters.":[358],"Implementation":[359],"comprehensive":[362],"nationwide":[363],"universal":[364],"HIV-screening":[366],"needed":[368],"timely":[371],"HIV-infected":[376],"children.":[377],"Additionally,":[378],"establishing":[379],"nutritional":[380],"programs":[381],"crucial":[384],"step":[385]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-08-30T00:00:00"}