{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204601828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","title":"Optimizing Laser-Produced Plasma Sources for EUV and BEUV Lithography Using Multi-Fidelity Simulations","display_name":"Optimizing Laser-Produced Plasma Sources for EUV and BEUV Lithography Using Multi-Fidelity Simulations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204601828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607929","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","issn_l":"0730-9244","issn":["0730-9244","2576-7208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148484312","display_name":"Towfiq Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Towfiq Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148482708","display_name":"Tyler Ray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015454244","display_name":"Mathew P. Polek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathew Polek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000395419","display_name":"Benjamin R. Kowash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-4769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-4769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Kowash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148572935","display_name":"Tirtha R. Joshi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tirtha Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083481557","display_name":"F. N. Beg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0391-8944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0391-8944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhat N. Beg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139759633","display_name":"Igor Golovkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-0386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-0386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109612","display_name":"Prism Computational Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/024eb7n23","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Golovkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prism Computational Sciences, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prism Computational Sciences, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086105335","display_name":"S. S. Harilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-7976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-7976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivanandan S. Harilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10384","display_name":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10384","display_name":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11338","display_name":"Advancements in Photolithography Techniques","score":0.1412000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11854","display_name":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-produced-plasma","display_name":"laser-produced plasma","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euv-lithography","display_name":"EUV lithography","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversion-efficiency","display_name":"conversion efficiency","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tin-plasma","display_name":"tin plasma","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/13-5-nm-emission","display_name":"13.5 nm emission","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-intensity","display_name":"laser intensity","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-thickness","display_name":"target thickness","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-fidelity-simulation","display_name":"multi-fidelity simulation","score":0.7960000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162996421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371965","display_name":"Extreme ultraviolet lithography","level":2,"score":0.7634000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204223013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036","display_name":"Lithography","level":2,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105487726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622938","display_name":"Photolithography","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163581340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983848","display_name":"Next-generation lithography","level":5,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41794268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408939","display_name":"X-ray lithography","level":4,"score":0.24549999833106995}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607929","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","issn_l":"0730-9244","issn":["0730-9244","2576-7208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icops53334.2026.11660197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607929","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","issn_l":"0730-9244","issn":["0730-9244","2576-7208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978574709","https://openalex.org/W2009661515","https://openalex.org/W2014650255","https://openalex.org/W4405070869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204574959","https://openalex.org/W7204569031","https://openalex.org/W4249350112","https://openalex.org/W340226388","https://openalex.org/W7171963359","https://openalex.org/W868788756","https://openalex.org/W7204557838","https://openalex.org/W2599154035","https://openalex.org/W4235247027","https://openalex.org/W2329778424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"advancement":[1],"of":[2,9,34],"next-generation":[3],"microelectronics":[4],"relies":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,30,55],"development":[8],"efficient":[10],"light":[11],"sources":[12,38],"for":[13,42,49],"extreme":[14],"ultraviolet":[15],"(EUV)":[16],"and":[17,46],"beyond-EUV":[18],"(BEUV)":[19],"lithography":[20],"[1].":[21],"This":[22],"work":[23],"details":[24],"a":[25],"computational":[26],"investigation":[27],"into":[28],"optimizing":[29],"conversion":[31],"efficiency":[32],"(CE)":[33],"laserproduced":[35],"plasma":[36],"(LPP)":[37],"using":[39],"tin":[40],"(Sn)":[41],"13.5-nm":[43],"EUV":[44],"emission":[45],"gadolinium":[47],"(Gd)":[48],"6.7-nm":[50],"BEUV":[51],"emission.":[52],"We":[53],"utilize":[54],"1D":[56],"radiation-hydrodynamics":[57],"code":[58],"HELIOS-CR":[59],"[2]":[60],"to":[61,80],"perform":[62],"extensive":[63],"parameter":[64],"studies,":[65],"varying":[66],"laser":[67],"intensities":[68],"from$5":[69],"\\times":[70,72],"10^{10}$to$1.5":[71],"10^{12}":[73],"\\mathrm{W}/\\text{cm}^{2}$and":[74],"target":[75],"thicknesses":[76],"from":[77],"100":[78],"nm":[79],"10":[81],"microns.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}
