{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204580554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","title":"Investigating the relationship between fiscal deficit and economic growth: A cointegration and VECM approach for the Indian economy","display_name":"Investigating the relationship between fiscal deficit and economic growth: A cointegration and VECM approach for the Indian economy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204580554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132929309","display_name":"Prakash Raj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2814-3076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2814-3076"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prakash Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2814-3076","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065576085","display_name":"Selvaraju Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-4193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-4193"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Selvaraju","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-4193","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"apc_paid":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67371132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"14","first_page":"e45314","last_page":"e45314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-deficit","display_name":"budget deficit","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-policy","display_name":"fiscal policy","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-economy","display_name":"Indian economy","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-finance","display_name":"public finance","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.9043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134024062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401229","display_name":"Error correction model","level":3,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993044310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42317814","display_name":"Fiscal deficit","level":3,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45619296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010135","display_name":"Deficit spending","level":3,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22674136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192796","display_name":"Balance of trade","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163068380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409313","display_name":"Economic forecasting","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5738686919212341,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327457","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984369066","https://openalex.org/W2027351585","https://openalex.org/W2045339631","https://openalex.org/W2058455191","https://openalex.org/W2076111328","https://openalex.org/W2085999130","https://openalex.org/W2118260506","https://openalex.org/W2120938061","https://openalex.org/W2129211969","https://openalex.org/W2135860498","https://openalex.org/W2143726151","https://openalex.org/W2158397823","https://openalex.org/W2614997127","https://openalex.org/W2803310584","https://openalex.org/W2918799501","https://openalex.org/W2980697154","https://openalex.org/W3043630158","https://openalex.org/W4200361450","https://openalex.org/W4397002432","https://openalex.org/W4399256077","https://openalex.org/W4404905755"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}