{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204575596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","title":"Contention Behind the Wheel: Characterizing and Mitigating Interference in Next-Gen Automotive MCUs","display_name":"Contention Behind the Wheel: Characterizing and Mitigating Interference in Next-Gen Automotive MCUs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204575596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086768","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061137711","display_name":"Afonso Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7501-7515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7501-7515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252451","display_name":"Centro ALGORITMI","ror":"https://ror.org/05w8p0566","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afonso Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro ALGORITMI / LASI, Universidade do Minho"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro ALGORITMI / LASI, Universidade do Minho","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252451","https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138158095","display_name":"Diogo Costa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252451","display_name":"Centro ALGORITMI","ror":"https://ror.org/05w8p0566","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diogo Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro ALGORITMI / LASI, Universidade do Minho"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro ALGORITMI / LASI, Universidade do Minho","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252451","https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058864507","display_name":"Sandro Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-7484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-7484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252451","display_name":"Centro ALGORITMI","ror":"https://ror.org/05w8p0566","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro ALGORITMI / LASI, Universidade do Minho"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro ALGORITMI / LASI, Universidade do Minho","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252451","https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-microcontrollers","display_name":"automotive microcontrollers","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-memory-contention","display_name":"shared memory contention","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interrupt-latency","display_name":"interrupt latency","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zonal-architecture","display_name":"zonal architecture","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-predictability","display_name":"timing predictability","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interrupt-handling","display_name":"interrupt handling","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5634999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449343","display_name":"Automotive electronics","level":3,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.27219998836517334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086768","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa71153.2026.00018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086768","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963479629","https://openalex.org/W2015827499","https://openalex.org/W2070147935","https://openalex.org/W2118378639","https://openalex.org/W2119959854","https://openalex.org/W2136310957","https://openalex.org/W2149075075","https://openalex.org/W2464992489","https://openalex.org/W2607095665","https://openalex.org/W2909139149","https://openalex.org/W2918580624","https://openalex.org/W3026057425","https://openalex.org/W3034952793","https://openalex.org/W3035410849","https://openalex.org/W3188788395","https://openalex.org/W3214110204","https://openalex.org/W4200198530","https://openalex.org/W4212855062","https://openalex.org/W4293704577","https://openalex.org/W4375852282","https://openalex.org/W4381886089","https://openalex.org/W4381894591","https://openalex.org/W4382050527","https://openalex.org/W4388280115","https://openalex.org/W4388280402","https://openalex.org/W4396766395","https://openalex.org/W4404411405","https://openalex.org/W4406658760","https://openalex.org/W4409581045","https://openalex.org/W4410783423","https://openalex.org/W4413135124","https://openalex.org/W4416582921","https://openalex.org/W7084065139","https://openalex.org/W7084125505","https://openalex.org/W7117649833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6966739037","https://openalex.org/W7203874679","https://openalex.org/W6992855742","https://openalex.org/W4309411823","https://openalex.org/W2356274672","https://openalex.org/W2568341038","https://openalex.org/W4308382094","https://openalex.org/W7137551064","https://openalex.org/W3169390684","https://openalex.org/W1778937633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,216],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,10,25,69,88,118],"automotive":[3,131],"systems,":[4],"and":[5,13,41,83,103,161,186,227,231,236],"in":[6,114,129,149],"particular":[7],"the":[8,67,107,141],"adoption":[9],"zonal":[11],"architectures":[12],"controllers,":[14],"is":[15,91],"driving":[16],"a":[17,32,85,138,203],"shift":[18],"toward":[19],"platform":[20,35,119],"consolidation,":[21],"where":[22],"multiple":[23,81],"functions":[24],"different":[26],"criticality":[27],"levels":[28],"must":[29],"execute":[30],"on":[31,137],"shared":[33,72,150],"hardware":[34],"under":[36],"tight":[37],"Size,":[38],"Weight,":[39],"Power,":[40],"Cost":[42],"(SWaP-C)":[43],"constraints.":[44],"Traditional":[45],"low-end":[46],"microcontroller":[47],"units":[48,61],"(MCUs)":[49],"provide":[50],"timing":[51,225],"predictability":[52],"but":[53],"limited":[54],"computational":[55],"capability,":[56],"whereas":[57],"high-end":[58],"application":[59],"processing":[60],"(APUs)":[62],"offer":[63],"higher":[64],"performance":[65],"at":[66],"cost":[68],"more":[70],"complex":[71],"microarchitectural":[73],"hierarchies":[74],"that":[75,147,172,210],"can":[76,154],"undermine":[77],"temporal":[78],"isolation.":[79,105],"Across":[80],"ISAs":[82],"vendors,":[84],"new":[86,116],"class":[87,117],"real-time":[89,104],"MCUs":[90,132],"emerging":[92],"to":[93,157,167,184,191,194,221,233],"bridge":[94],"this":[95,115,124],"gap":[96],"by":[97,111,165,182,189],"combining":[98],"multicore":[99],"execution,":[100],"safety-oriented":[101],"features,":[102],"However,":[106],"interference":[108,128],"effects":[109],"introduced":[110],"resource":[112],"sharing":[113],"remain":[120],"poorly":[121],"understood.":[122],"In":[123],"paper,":[125],"we":[126,201],"investigate":[127],"next-generation":[130],"through":[133],"an":[134],"experimental":[135],"study":[136],"representative":[139],"platform,":[140],"NXP":[142],"S32Z270.":[143],"Our":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146,171],"contention":[148,174],"on-chip":[151],"memory":[152,173,206,212],"resources":[153],"induce":[155],"up":[156,166,183,190],"38%":[158],"execution-time":[159,163],"slowdown":[160,220],"amplify":[162],"jitter":[164,188,232],"153.63\u00d7.":[168],"We":[169],"further":[170],"affects":[175],"interrupt":[176,180],"handling,":[177],"increasing":[178],"average":[179],"latency":[181],"1.52\u00d7":[185],"its":[187],"27.2\u00d7":[192],"relative":[193],"standalone":[195],"execution.":[196],"To":[197],"mitigate":[198],"these":[199],"effects,":[200],"propose":[202],"lightweight":[204],"per-core":[205],"bandwidth":[207],"reservation":[208],"mechanism":[209,217],"bounds":[211],"pressure":[213],"from":[214],"co-runners.":[215],"reduces":[218,228],"memory-induced":[219],"below":[222],"10%,":[223],"restores":[224],"predictability,":[226],"interrupt-latency":[229],"overhead":[230],"near":[234],"1.06\u00d7":[235],"2.72\u00d7,":[237],"respectively.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}