{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204572053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853","title":"Comparison of Bio-Inspired Optimization-Based MLP Models for Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation in Southeastern T\u00fcrkiye","display_name":"Comparison of Bio-Inspired Optimization-Based MLP Models for Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation in Southeastern T\u00fcrkiye","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204572053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36253/ijam-3853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853","pdf_url":"https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/download/3853/2677","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232848","display_name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology","issn_l":"2038-5625","issn":["2038-5625","3103-1722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320196","host_organization_name":"Firenze University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320196"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Firenze University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/download/3853/2677","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089495278","display_name":"Mustafa \u00d6zbuldu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-8750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-8750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46000314","display_name":"Mustafa Kemal University","ror":"https://ror.org/056hcgc41","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46000314"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Ozbuldu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hatay Mustafa Kemal University,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-8750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hatay Mustafa Kemal University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46000314"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089495278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46000314"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-evapotranspiration","display_name":"reference evapotranspiration","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"multilayer perceptron","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic-optimization","display_name":"metaheuristic optimization","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moth-flame-optimization","display_name":"moth-flame optimization","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-algorithm","display_name":"firefly algorithm","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-wolf-optimizer","display_name":"grey wolf optimizer","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuckoo-search-algorithm","display_name":"cuckoo search algorithm","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursive-feature-elimination","display_name":"recursive feature elimination","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-water-management","display_name":"agricultural water management","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southeastern-anatolia","display_name":"Southeastern Anatolia","score":0.9430000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.5266000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117241572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5192379","display_name":"Cuckoo search","level":3,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154982244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451844","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","level":3,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143574069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3497720","display_name":"Bees algorithm","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36253/ijam-3853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853","pdf_url":"https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/download/3853/2677","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232848","display_name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology","issn_l":"2038-5625","issn":["2038-5625","3103-1722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320196","host_organization_name":"Firenze University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320196"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Firenze University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36253/ijam-3853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-3853","pdf_url":"https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/download/3853/2677","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232848","display_name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology","issn_l":"2038-5625","issn":["2038-5625","3103-1722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320196","host_organization_name":"Firenze University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320196"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Firenze University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204572053.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204572053.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883434633","https://openalex.org/W1469381315","https://openalex.org/W1487701839","https://openalex.org/W1972641521","https://openalex.org/W1976744965","https://openalex.org/W1983362686","https://openalex.org/W1985479415","https://openalex.org/W2003696872","https://openalex.org/W2031678958","https://openalex.org/W2032495377","https://openalex.org/W2058998445","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2069911320","https://openalex.org/W2070427882","https://openalex.org/W2073587500","https://openalex.org/W2074094998","https://openalex.org/W2077388991","https://openalex.org/W2154943049","https://openalex.org/W2171675708","https://openalex.org/W2516642178","https://openalex.org/W2559714869","https://openalex.org/W2560398905","https://openalex.org/W2611743072","https://openalex.org/W2623081819","https://openalex.org/W2752126604","https://openalex.org/W2809430074","https://openalex.org/W2888611374","https://openalex.org/W2889246260","https://openalex.org/W2890438097","https://openalex.org/W2891385203","https://openalex.org/W2893934054","https://openalex.org/W2921467030","https://openalex.org/W2925456832","https://openalex.org/W2957731227","https://openalex.org/W2968214372","https://openalex.org/W2999018556","https://openalex.org/W3016654606","https://openalex.org/W3023674674","https://openalex.org/W3025306985","https://openalex.org/W3026995479","https://openalex.org/W3036563853","https://openalex.org/W3036869571","https://openalex.org/W3048063364","https://openalex.org/W3085019631","https://openalex.org/W3092038101","https://openalex.org/W3098647604","https://openalex.org/W3120364547","https://openalex.org/W3131536296","https://openalex.org/W3154407200","https://openalex.org/W3155909424","https://openalex.org/W3169963517","https://openalex.org/W3194707064","https://openalex.org/W3203660323","https://openalex.org/W3205942240","https://openalex.org/W3208338065","https://openalex.org/W3214759127","https://openalex.org/W4200329947","https://openalex.org/W4205389794","https://openalex.org/W4224258320","https://openalex.org/W4291184173","https://openalex.org/W4293698198","https://openalex.org/W4297472838","https://openalex.org/W4308075033","https://openalex.org/W4322724264","https://openalex.org/W4382583035","https://openalex.org/W4383069668","https://openalex.org/W4385658572","https://openalex.org/W4385811437","https://openalex.org/W4386636688","https://openalex.org/W4387048620","https://openalex.org/W4390699743","https://openalex.org/W4391982480","https://openalex.org/W4392018606","https://openalex.org/W4398162850","https://openalex.org/W4399533971","https://openalex.org/W4402365838","https://openalex.org/W4404220670","https://openalex.org/W4405495731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194707064","https://openalex.org/W2980653736","https://openalex.org/W2074094998","https://openalex.org/W4308075033","https://openalex.org/W2507527023","https://openalex.org/W7134122608","https://openalex.org/W2957731227","https://openalex.org/W4306404322","https://openalex.org/W3034497450","https://openalex.org/W4410263694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,224],"study":[1,225],"evaluates":[2],"the":[3,20,83,93,126,131,139,177,182,194,198,207,215,220,231,259],"performance":[4,89,117,129,161,200,218],"of":[5,22,39,85,95,142,162,201,233,261],"hybrid":[6,133,222],"multilayer":[7],"perceptron":[8],"(MLP)":[9],"models":[10,187,203],"with":[11,135,212],"six":[12,46,140],"different":[13],"biologically":[14],"inspired":[15],"meta-heuristic":[16,208],"optimization":[17,84,209],"algorithms":[18,79],"for":[19,45,255],"estimation":[21],"monthly":[23],"reference":[24],"evapotranspiration":[25],"(ET\u2080)":[26],"in":[27,82,238],"Southeast":[28,239],"Anatolia,":[29],"T\u00fcrkiye.":[30],"Using":[31],"NASA":[32],"POWER":[33],"data":[34],"(1984-2024)":[35],"as":[36],"main":[37],"source":[38],"climatic":[40,247],"data,":[41],"model":[42,164],"input":[43],"variables":[44],"provinces":[47],"were":[48,80],"determined":[49],"by":[50,167,245],"Recursive":[51],"Feature":[52],"Elimination":[53],"(RFE)":[54],"method.":[55],"Moth-Flame":[56],"Optimization":[57,61,64,68,72,77],"(MFO),":[58],"Dolphin":[59],"Echolocation":[60],"(DEO),":[62],"Firefly":[63],"(FOA),":[65],"Grey":[66],"Wolf":[67],"(GWO),":[69],"Golden":[70],"Jackal":[71],"(GJO)":[73],"and":[74,115,155,171,185,241,249],"Cuckoo":[75],"Search":[76],"(CSO)":[78],"used":[81],"MLP":[86,202],"models.":[87,179,223],"Model":[88],"was":[90,165],"evaluated":[91],"using":[92],"coefficient":[94],"determination":[96],"(R\u00b2),":[97],"Nash\u2013Sutcliffe":[98],"efficiency":[99],"(NSE),":[100],"root":[101],"mean":[102,106,136],"square":[103],"error":[104,108,169],"(RMSE),":[105],"absolute":[107],"(MAE),":[109],"RMSE-to-observation":[110],"standard":[111],"deviation":[112],"ratio":[113],"(RSR),":[114],"global":[116],"index":[118],"(GPI).":[119],"The":[120,159],"results":[121,195],"show":[122],"that":[123,197],"DEO-MLP":[124,163,213],"achieved":[125],"best":[127,216],"overall":[128,217],"among":[130,219],"investigated":[132,221],"models,":[134],"values":[137],"across":[138],"stations":[141],"NSE":[143],"=":[144,147,150,153,157],"0.970,":[145],"R\u00b2":[146],"0.972,":[148],"MAE":[149],"0.39,":[151],"RSR":[152],"0.17,":[154],"GPI":[156],"0.33.":[158],"superior":[160],"demonstrated":[166],"low":[168],"rates":[170],"high":[172],"accuracy":[173,190],"levels":[174],"compared":[175],"to":[176,206,228,230],"other":[178,242],"In":[180,192],"contrast,":[181],"MFO-MLP,":[183],"CSO-MLP":[184],"GJO-MLP":[186],"exhibited":[188],"lower":[189],"levels.":[191],"general,":[193],"demonstrate":[196],"predictive":[199],"varies":[204],"according":[205],"algorithm":[210],"employed,":[211],"showing":[214],"is":[226,266],"expected":[227],"contribute":[229],"development":[232],"agricultural":[234],"water":[235],"management":[236],"strategies":[237],"Anatolia":[240],"regions":[243],"characterized":[244],"similar":[246],"conditions":[248],"provides":[250],"a":[251],"practical":[252],"modelling":[253],"framework":[254],"estimating":[256],"ET\u2080":[257],"when":[258],"availability":[260],"long-term":[262],"ground-based":[263],"meteorological":[264],"observations":[265],"limited.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}