{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204558739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","title":"The Role of Scaffolding in Early Literacy Development among First-Grade Students in Cambodian Primary Schools","display_name":"The Role of Scaffolding in Early Literacy Development among First-Grade Students in Cambodian Primary Schools","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204558739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","pdf_url":"https://journal.eltaorganization.org/index.php/jcar/article/download/612/414","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651366","display_name":"Journal of Classroom Action Research","issn_l":"2828-0601","issn":["2828-0601","2828-0695"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classroom Action Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.eltaorganization.org/index.php/jcar/article/download/612/414","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147249668","display_name":"Linna Nin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7368-7613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7368-7613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154766","display_name":"University of Battambang","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg72471","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}],"countries":["KH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linna Nin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7368-7613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114502720","display_name":"Da Bou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8971-9923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8971-9923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154766","display_name":"University of Battambang","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg72471","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}],"countries":["KH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da BOU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8971-9923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147240339","display_name":"Borey Chhen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7432-6328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7432-6328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154766","display_name":"University of Battambang","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg72471","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}],"countries":["KH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borey Chhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7432-6328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133333498","display_name":"Rorthmony Norm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1369-5879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1369-5879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154766","display_name":"University of Battambang","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg72471","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}],"countries":["KH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rorthmony Norm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1369-5879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147238352","display_name":"Smiror Vann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2839-4817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2839-4817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154766","display_name":"University of Battambang","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg72471","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}],"countries":["KH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smiror Vann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2839-4817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battambang Teacher Education College, Cambodia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154766"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"82","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.05350000038743019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14485","display_name":"Language Acquisition and Education","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaffolding","display_name":"scaffolding","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-literacy","display_name":"early literacy","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-grade-students","display_name":"first grade students","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-writing","display_name":"word writing","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consonants-and-vowels","display_name":"consonants and vowels","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-skills","display_name":"spelling skills","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-motivation","display_name":"teacher motivation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.8938999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6812000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6766999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.597100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983075501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131539","display_name":"Early literacy","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53173841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897444","display_name":"Action research","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78148190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8192","display_name":"Writing system","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017523755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18189","display_name":"Grade level","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43091","display_name":"Orthography","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017514537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370764","display_name":"Emergent literacy","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781246517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187200","display_name":"Phonemic awareness","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110131835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153659","display_name":"Self-efficacy","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","pdf_url":"https://journal.eltaorganization.org/index.php/jcar/article/download/612/414","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651366","display_name":"Journal of Classroom Action Research","issn_l":"2828-0601","issn":["2828-0601","2828-0695"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classroom Action Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52622/jcar.v5i1.612","pdf_url":"https://journal.eltaorganization.org/index.php/jcar/article/download/612/414","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651366","display_name":"Journal of Classroom Action Research","issn_l":"2828-0601","issn":["2828-0601","2828-0695"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classroom Action Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204558739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204558739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W221728238","https://openalex.org/W1678084289","https://openalex.org/W1760203243","https://openalex.org/W1866352225","https://openalex.org/W1970023855","https://openalex.org/W2007135511","https://openalex.org/W2026119873","https://openalex.org/W2028620756","https://openalex.org/W2029967703","https://openalex.org/W2062121040","https://openalex.org/W2130209719","https://openalex.org/W2161702425","https://openalex.org/W2198745188","https://openalex.org/W2299607127","https://openalex.org/W2549789402","https://openalex.org/W2730189203","https://openalex.org/W2801918236","https://openalex.org/W2885366285","https://openalex.org/W2919353044","https://openalex.org/W2995918197","https://openalex.org/W3014420117","https://openalex.org/W3040383797","https://openalex.org/W3048137053","https://openalex.org/W3049343058","https://openalex.org/W4385800575","https://openalex.org/W4391256683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152081334","https://openalex.org/W7166806859","https://openalex.org/W7220227415","https://openalex.org/W7221296545","https://openalex.org/W7215481545","https://openalex.org/W2020562599","https://openalex.org/W7219159544","https://openalex.org/W7203922507","https://openalex.org/W7215158210","https://openalex.org/W7169711797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early-grade":[0],"students":[1,115,135],"in":[2,83,117,149],"elementary":[3],"schools":[4],"must":[5],"master":[6],"consonants":[7,40,119],"and":[8,14,41,51,54,107,120,126,140,145,173,182],"vowels":[9,121],"to":[10,34,44,56,94],"develop":[11],"accurate":[12],"reading":[13,178],"spelling":[15,124],"skills.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"investigates":[19],"the":[20,36,46,84,152,158,167,186],"effectiveness":[21,187],"of":[22,38,73,130,160,169,188],"word":[23,201],"writing":[24,39,63,118,132,150,164,202],"among":[25,180],"Cambodian":[26],"first":[27],"graders":[28],"with":[29],"three":[30],"main":[31],"objectives:":[32],"(1)":[33],"assess":[35],"efficacy":[37],"vowels,":[42,200],"(2)":[43],"examine":[45],"relationship":[47],"between":[48],"orthographic":[49],"ability":[50],"word-writing":[52],"skills,":[53,165],"(3)":[55],"evaluate":[57],"teacher":[58],"motivation":[59],"for":[60],"facilitating":[61],"students'":[62],"practice.":[64],"A":[65],"quasi-experimental":[66],"(pretest-posttest)":[67],"design":[68],"was":[69],"employed,":[70],"involving":[71],"observations":[72],"41":[74],"first-grade":[75],"students.":[76],"Findings":[77],"indicate":[78],"a":[79,99,108],"statistically":[80],"significant":[81],"improvement":[82],"mean":[85],"score":[86],"from":[87],"M":[88],"=":[89,92,97,102,105,111],"5.65":[90],"(SD":[91,96],"2.80)":[93],"8.45":[95],"2.77),":[98],"t-test":[100],"(t":[101],"5.318***;":[103],"P-value":[104],"0.000),":[106],"coefficient":[109],"(r":[110],"0.63)":[112],"shows":[113],"that":[114],"proficient":[116],"demonstrate":[122],"improved":[123],"abilities":[125],"strength":[127],"positively":[128],"relation":[129],"their":[131],"words.":[133],"Additionally,":[134],"demonstrated":[136],"enjoyment,":[137],"active":[138],"participation,":[139],"cooperation":[141],"during":[142],"classroom":[143],"activities,":[144],"showed":[146],"increased":[147],"confidence":[148],"on":[151,163],"boards.":[153],"Further":[154],"research":[155],"should":[156],"investigate":[157],"impact":[159],"this":[161],"approach":[162],"including":[166],"construction":[168],"longer":[170],"words,":[171],"phrases,":[172],"sentences,":[174],"as":[175,177],"well":[176],"comprehension,":[179],"second-":[181],"third-graders,":[183],"thereby":[184],"testing":[185],"scaffolding":[189,198],"across":[190],"various":[191],"educational":[192],"contexts.":[193],"Keywords:":[194],"consonants,":[195],"primary":[196],"education,":[197],"strategy,":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}