{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204557558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","title":"Biophytometallurgy: biomining metals from plant resources","display_name":"Biophytometallurgy: biomining metals from plant resources","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204557558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/28/2026.08.27.747594.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/28/2026.08.27.747594.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052702253","display_name":"Daniel A. Dailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1908-7196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1908-7196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel A. Dailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1908-7196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104241743","display_name":"Edmaritz Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Pag\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-5311","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-5311"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmaritz Hern\u00e1ndez-Pag\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, North Carolina, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-5311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, North Carolina, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121874004","display_name":"Stella Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5745-3369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5745-3369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98540497","display_name":"Barnard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04rt94r53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98540497"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stella Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5745-3369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98540497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119361491","display_name":"Sofia Teixeira Bavaresco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4652-5733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4652-5733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia T. Bavaresco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4652-5733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148494014","display_name":"Nicolas E. Raffaele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3878-7001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3878-7001"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas E. Raffaele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3878-7001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139905996","display_name":"Abbey Piatt Price","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-8626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-8626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbey Piatt-Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-8626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035194297","display_name":"Juliana S. A. Carneiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-1250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-1250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliana S. A. Carneiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-1250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071870549","display_name":"Rachel Narehood Austin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-4443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-4443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98540497","display_name":"Barnard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04rt94r53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98540497"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel N. Austin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-4443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98540497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085434127","display_name":"Colleen J. Doherty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-5592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-5592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colleen J. Doherty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, North Carolina, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-5592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, North Carolina, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063109716","display_name":"Scott A. Banta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-0150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-0150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott A. Banta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-0150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, 10027, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063109716"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.19449999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-earth-elements","display_name":"rare earth elements","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel","display_name":"nickel","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytolacca-americana","display_name":"Phytolacca americana","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidithiobacillus-ferrooxidans","display_name":"Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-partitioning","display_name":"metal partitioning","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-liquid-extraction","display_name":"solid-liquid extraction","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88380143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416674","display_name":"Dissolution","level":2,"score":0.7853999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504270822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744","display_name":"Nickel","level":2,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518881349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","display_name":"Sulfur","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5166401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784525","display_name":"Tailings","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983155866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7294540","display_name":"Rare earth","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143050476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194502","display_name":"Sink (geography)","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/28/2026.08.27.747594.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.27.747594","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/28/2026.08.27.747594.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2507691503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Zimmerman #12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F6788305858","funder_display_name":"Tau Beta Pi"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4023521930","display_name":"MRI: Track 1: Acquisition of an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer to Quantify Trace Metal Ions Enabling New Research and Research Training at Barnard College","funder_award_id":"2320054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G51899203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D19AP00026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5947600999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AR0001340","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332276","funder_display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7074038334","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"2437839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306116","display_name":"U.S. Department of the Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0pmy70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332276","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/03q1rgc19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F6788305858","display_name":"Tau Beta Pi","ror":"https://ror.org/04wx5ek40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204557558.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204557558.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412760741","https://openalex.org/W7169871840","https://openalex.org/W7048373421","https://openalex.org/W7055775873","https://openalex.org/W1971717222","https://openalex.org/W2069664582","https://openalex.org/W2757076967","https://openalex.org/W3111090864","https://openalex.org/W2767015218","https://openalex.org/W7133530753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"physicochemical":[2],"controls":[3],"governing":[4],"metal":[5,128],"acquisition,":[6],"release,":[7],"and":[8,20,35,61,69,114,132,136],"redistribution":[9,108],"across":[10,130],"biological":[11,134],"interfaces":[12],"remain":[13],"poorly":[14],"understood.":[15],"Biophytometallurgy\u2014the":[16],"microbially":[17],"assisted":[18],"release":[19,40,94],"recovery":[21,143],"of":[22,30,74,118],"plant-associated":[23],"metals\u2014was":[24],"used":[25],"to":[26,149],"probe":[27],"the":[28,31,72,110],"directionality":[29],"mechanisms":[32],"controlling":[33],"nickel":[34,68],"rare":[36],"earth":[37],"element":[38],"(REE)":[39],"from":[41,144],"Phytolacca":[42],"during":[43],"solid\u2013liquid":[44],"extraction.":[45],"Bulk":[46],"characterization":[47],"did":[48],"not":[49],"support":[50,137],"a":[51,97,124,138],"dominant":[52],"crystalline":[53],"REE-phosphate-like":[54],"host":[55],"in":[56],"hydroponically":[57],"enriched":[58],"shoots.":[59],"Dissolution":[60],"rebinding":[62],"experiments":[63],"instead":[64,117],"revealed":[65],"chemically":[66],"accessible":[67],"REE":[70,93,100,104,142],"pools,":[71],"latter":[73],"which":[75],"had":[76],"behaviors":[77],"consistent":[78],"with":[79],"apparent":[80],"equilibrium-like":[81],"partitioning":[82,129],"under":[83],"mildly":[84],"acidic":[85],"conditions.":[86],"During":[87],"sulfur":[88],"biooxidation,":[89],"Acidithiobacillus":[90],"ferrooxidans":[91],"promoted":[92],"while":[95],"providing":[96],"competing":[98],"cell-associated":[99],"sink.":[101],"Consequently,":[102],"aqueous":[103,141],"concentrations":[105],"reflected":[106],"net":[107],"among":[109],"separable":[111],"plant,":[112],"solution,":[113],"microbial":[115],"phases":[116],"dissolution":[119],"alone.":[120],"These":[121],"results":[122],"establish":[123],"framework":[125],"for":[126,140],"studying":[127],"complex":[131],"coupled":[133],"systems":[135],"route":[139],"plants":[145],"without":[146],"thermochemical":[147],"conversion":[148],"ash.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}