{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204540562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","title":"Cumulative incidence and risk factors of dementia in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: a population-based study","display_name":"Cumulative incidence and risk factors of dementia in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: a population-based study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204540562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42712997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330/70826879/fcag330.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235363","display_name":"Brain Communications","issn_l":"2632-1297","issn":["2632-1297"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330/70826879/fcag330.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119719999","display_name":"Lorenzo Malfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0034-6590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0034-6590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Malfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0034-6590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080482715","display_name":"Aidan F. Mullan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-6935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-6935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aidan F Mullan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139752869","display_name":"Elena B. Lynott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9701-362X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9701-362X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Lynott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9701-362X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138369939","display_name":"Colton E. Troxel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6500-758X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6500-758X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colton Troxel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006369660","display_name":"Farwa Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6060-3995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6060-3995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farwa Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069111019","display_name":"Eduardo Elias Benarroch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7968-5054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7968-5054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo E Benarroch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066352714","display_name":"Bradley F. Boeve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-8187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-8187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley F Boeve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-8187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001020438","display_name":"James H. Bower","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3626-4839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3626-4839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H Bower","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059019402","display_name":"Rodolfo Savica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-0627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-0627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodolfo Savica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-0627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059019402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"],"apc_list":{"value":3051,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4024},"apc_paid":{"value":3051,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4024},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7005805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"fcag330","last_page":"fcag330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.3596000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsonism","display_name":"parkinsonism","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"dementia","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-dementia","display_name":"dementia risk factors","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-incidence","display_name":"cumulative incidence","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"mild cognitive impairment","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postural-reflexes","display_name":"postural reflexes","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement-abnormalities","display_name":"eye movement abnormalities","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rem-sleep-behavior-disorder","display_name":"REM sleep behavior disorder","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthostatic-hypotension","display_name":"orthostatic hypotension","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-motor-symptoms","display_name":"non-motor symptoms","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-of-onset","display_name":"age of onset","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rochester-epidemiology-project","display_name":"Rochester Epidemiology Project","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smooth-pursuit-eye-movements","display_name":"smooth pursuit eye movements","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776525014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531991","display_name":"Parkinsonism","level":3,"score":0.7297999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7251999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.553600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.5076000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062122","display_name":"Central nervous system disease","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780566141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3065932","display_name":"Cognitive disorder","level":4,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778525166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353974","display_name":"Rochester Epidemiology Project","level":4,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779384505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007513","display_name":"Concomitant","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330/70826879/fcag330.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235363","display_name":"Brain Communications","issn_l":"2632-1297","issn":["2632-1297"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42712997","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42712997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain communications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13551027","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13551027/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13551027/pdf/fcag330.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brain Commun","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/braincomms/fcag330/70826879/fcag330.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235363","display_name":"Brain Communications","issn_l":"2632-1297","issn":["2632-1297"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5676615834236145}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204540562.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204540562.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Cognitive":[1],"impairment":[2,83,100,373],"is":[3],"among":[4,253],"the":[5,38,45,51,74,245,359],"most":[6],"common":[7],"non-motor":[8],"symptoms":[9,86],"in":[10,55,132,142,271,350,358,366],"parkinsonism":[11,65],"and":[12,44,49,69,97,125,147,167,192,221,289,327,346,374,392],"Parkinson\u2019s":[13,360],"disease,":[14],"ranging":[15],"from":[16],"subjective":[17],"complaints":[18],"to":[19,36,337],"dementia.":[20,303,378,397],"Although":[21],"several":[22],"predictive":[23,39],"factors":[24,138],"have":[25],"been":[26],"described,":[27],"their":[28],"prognostic":[29],"relevance":[30],"remains":[31],"uncertain.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34],"aimed":[35],"examine":[37],"association":[40],"between":[41,67,123],"clinical":[42],"features":[43],"risk":[46,127,137,230,249],"of":[47,53,59,95,111,156,177,202,206,214,231,281,344,388],"dementia":[48,54,96,112,124,171,178,207,217,232,248,338,364],"determine":[50],"incidence":[52,176],"a":[56,116,143,199,209,268,341],"population-based":[57],"cohort":[58],"incident":[60],"Parkinsonism":[61],"cases.":[62],"Patients":[63],"with":[64,81,216,229,256,267,302,363,396],"onset":[66,87,226],"1991":[68],"2020":[70],"were":[71,92,101,129,139,159,218,299,335,355,394],"identified":[72],"using":[73,103,115],"Rochester":[75],"Epidemiology":[76],"Project":[77],"records-linkage":[78],"system.":[79],"Subjects":[80],"cognitive":[82,99,108,165,351,372],"preceding":[84],"motor":[85],"or":[88,106],"concomitant":[89],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[90],"disease":[91,225,362],"excluded.":[93],"Diagnoses":[94],"mild":[98,164,371],"established":[102],"neuropsychological":[104],"testing":[105],"brief":[107],"screening.":[109],"Development":[110],"was":[113,179,227,250],"assessed":[114],"Cox":[117,134,152],"proportional":[118],"hazards":[119],"regression":[120],"model.":[121,153],"Associations":[122],"each":[126],"factor":[128],"individually":[130],"estimated":[131],"adjusted":[133],"models.":[135],"All":[136],"also":[140,300],"included":[141],"least":[144],"absolute":[145],"shrinkage":[146],"selection":[148],"operator":[149],"penalized":[150,246],"multivariable":[151],"A":[154],"total":[155],"1104":[157],"patients":[158,203,215],"included:":[160],"153":[161],"(13.9%)":[162],"developed":[163,170,370,377],"impairment,":[166],"543":[168],"(49.2%)":[169],"during":[172],"follow-up.":[173,211],"The":[174,212],"cumulative":[175],"30.3%":[180],"at":[181,185,189,194,224],"5":[182],"years,":[183,187,196],"48.6%":[184],"10":[186],"61.4%":[188],"15":[190],"years":[191],"69.3%":[193],"20":[195],"indicating":[197],"that":[198],"considerable":[200],"portion":[201],"remained":[204],"free":[205],"after":[208],"prolonged":[210],"majority":[213],"males":[219],"(61.5%),":[220],"older":[222],"age":[223],"associated":[228,301,395],"(hazard":[233],"ratio":[234],"[HR]":[235],"=":[236,261,264,284,294,297,314,322,325,330,333],"1.32,":[237],"P":[238,263,286,296,316,324,332],"<":[239,287,317],"0.001":[240],"per":[241],"5-year":[242],"increment).":[243],"In":[244],"model,":[247],"significantly":[251],"higher":[252],"individuals":[254],"presenting":[255],"impaired":[257],"postural":[258],"reflexes":[259],"(HR":[260,283,293,313,321,329],"1.26,":[262],"0.014),":[265],"consistent":[266],"poorer":[269],"prognosis":[270],"akinetic-rigid-predominant":[272],"parkinsonism.":[273],"Eye":[274],"movement":[275,309],"abnormalities,":[276],"including":[277,306],"reduced":[278,385],"ocular":[279,386],"range":[280,387],"motion":[282],"1.86,":[285],"0.001)":[288],"smooth":[290,382],"pursuit":[291,383],"alterations":[292],"1.34,":[295],"0.024),":[298],"Non-motor":[304],"symptoms,":[305],"rapid":[307],"eye":[308],"sleep":[310],"behaviour":[311],"disorder":[312],"1.51,":[315],"0.001),":[318],"orthostatic":[319,390],"hypotension":[320,391],"1.30,":[323],"0.009)":[326],"constipation":[328,393],"1.24,":[331],"0.022),":[334],"linked":[336],"risk,":[339],"supporting":[340],"potential":[342],"involvement":[343],"non-dopaminergic":[345],"central":[347],"autonomic":[348],"pathways":[349],"decline.":[352],"These":[353],"findings":[354],"largely":[356],"confirmed":[357],"disease/Parkinson\u2019s":[361],"group,":[365],"which":[367],"77":[368],"(13.5%)":[369],"249":[375],"(43.5%)":[376],"Among":[379],"these":[380],"patients,":[381],"alterations,":[384],"motion,":[389]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}