{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204528429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","title":"Protective Effect of Aqueous Centella asiatica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury","display_name":"Protective Effect of Aqueous Centella asiatica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204528429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996818","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13740447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","pdf_url":"https://journals.salviapub.com/index.php/gmj/article/download/4247/3531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563671","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","issn_l":"2322-2379","issn":["2322-2379","2588-2767"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Galen Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.salviapub.com/index.php/gmj/article/download/4247/3531","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030100439","display_name":"Nzar Ibrahim Yous\u0131f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7070-1415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7070-1415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nzar Ibrahim Yousif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028816134","display_name":"Zhala B. Taha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2673-4526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2673-4526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46208956","display_name":"Salahaddin University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/02124dd11","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46208956"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhala B. Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46208956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113328935","display_name":"Mohammed M. Hussein M. Raouf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4896460","display_name":"Koya University","ror":"https://ror.org/017pq0w72","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed M. Hussein M. Raouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya 44023, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya 44023, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148488351","display_name":"Bakhtawar Ziad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bakhtawar Ziad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112985874","display_name":"Zahraakhan Maaroof Taher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1291-4702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1291-4702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahraakhan Maaroof Taher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141198042","display_name":"Abdullah Jawdat Zebari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Jawdat Zebari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105961401","display_name":"Zeenath Sufderhusain Sheikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-7413","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-7413"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeenath S. Sheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083898038","display_name":"Hero Ismael Mohammed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hero Ismael Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016742893","display_name":"Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-2575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-2575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46208956","display_name":"Salahaddin University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/02124dd11","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46208956"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46208956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004783210","display_name":"Tanya Salam Salih","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanya Salam Salih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121374785","display_name":"Usha Rani Kandula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-8071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-8071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usha Rani Kandula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141194527","display_name":"Sherzad Hassan Radha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherzad Hassan Radha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135210810","display_name":"Abdulrahman Ismael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-4586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-4586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294182474","display_name":"Cihan University-Erbil","ror":"https://ror.org/03hevjm30","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Ismael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294182474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64091032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"e4247","last_page":"e4247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12891","display_name":"Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12891","display_name":"Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12298","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centella-asiatica","display_name":"Centella asiatica","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-aqueous-extracts","display_name":"aqueous plant extract","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastroprotective-effect","display_name":"gastroprotection","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-induced-gastric-lesions","display_name":"ethanol-induced gastric injury","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastric-ulcer","display_name":"gastric ulcer","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nrf2-ho-1-signaling-pathway","display_name":"Nrf2/HO-1 pathway","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastric-mucosal-defense","display_name":"gastric mucosal defense","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytochemicals","display_name":"phytochemicals","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-compounds","display_name":"phenolic compounds","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saponins","display_name":"saponins","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triterpenoids","display_name":"triterpenoids","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omeprazole","display_name":"omeprazole","score":0.8420000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8198000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195475562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639139","display_name":"Phytochemical","level":2,"score":0.7577000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779077069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348880","display_name":"Centella","level":2,"score":0.7401000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777312293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3649349","display_name":"Mucus","level":2,"score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993907526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259977","display_name":"Aqueous extract","level":2,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.5777000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781443798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383249","display_name":"Gastric mucosa","level":3,"score":0.5526000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.45719999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779422922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029907","display_name":"Stomach","level":2,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral administration","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780161600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153","display_name":"Ethanol","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779969877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861699","display_name":"Phytotherapy","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","pdf_url":"https://journals.salviapub.com/index.php/gmj/article/download/4247/3531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563671","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","issn_l":"2322-2379","issn":["2322-2379","2588-2767"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Galen Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42996818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Galen medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13740447","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13740447/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Galen Med J","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247","pdf_url":"https://journals.salviapub.com/index.php/gmj/article/download/4247/3531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563671","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","issn_l":"2322-2379","issn":["2322-2379","2588-2767"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Galen Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204528429.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204528429.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965225492","https://openalex.org/W2075034776","https://openalex.org/W7100864386","https://openalex.org/W2092288241","https://openalex.org/W4400251776","https://openalex.org/W4414892532","https://openalex.org/W7129264067","https://openalex.org/W4293083408","https://openalex.org/W7202215357","https://openalex.org/W2231016385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Gastric":[1,117,126],"ulcer":[2,82,130,133,196,201,211,291],"disease":[3],"is":[4,20,32],"associated":[5],"with":[6,93,172,194,199,219],"oxidative":[7],"stress,":[8],"inflammation,":[9],"and":[10,45,50,70,88,102,132,140,147,164,191,214,224,234,260],"disruption":[11],"of":[12,58,99,109,145,159,256,262,287],"gastric":[13,18,64,178,189,216,248,290],"mucosal":[14,65,217,249,257],"defense":[15,258],"mechanisms.":[16],"Ethanol-induced":[17],"injury":[19,66,179,250],"a":[21,33,181],"widely":[22],"used":[23],"experimental":[24],"model":[25],"for":[26],"evaluating":[27],"gastroprotective":[28,56,244],"agents.":[29],"Centella":[30],"asiatica":[31],"medicinal":[34],"plant":[35],"rich":[36],"in":[37,67,166,180,251,279,289],"bioactive":[38],"phytochemicals,":[39],"including":[40],"flavonoids,":[41,160],"phenolic":[42,161],"compounds,":[43,162],"saponins,":[44,163],"triterpenoids,":[46],"which":[47],"possess":[48],"antioxidant":[49,265],"anti-inflammatory":[51],"activities.This":[52],"study":[53],"evaluated":[54],"the":[55,110,157,167,173,200,209,229,263,275,280,283],"effect":[57],"aqueous":[59,94,168],"C.asiatica":[60,95,169,240,288],"extract":[61,96,111,174,230,241],"against":[62,246],"ethanol-induced":[63,177,247],"rats.":[68],"Materials":[69],"Methods:":[71],"Adult":[72],"male":[73],"Sprague-Dawley":[74],"rats":[75,186],"were":[76,136,150],"divided":[77],"into":[78],"five":[79],"groups":[80,90],"(n=6):":[81],"control,":[83],"omeprazole-treated":[84],"group":[85],"(20":[86],"mg/kg),":[87],"three":[89],"pretreated":[91],"orally":[92],"at":[97],"doses":[98],"150,":[100],"300,":[101],"600":[103,205],"mg/kg.":[104],"Preliminary":[105],"qualitative":[106],"phytochemical":[107,276],"screening":[108,155],"was":[112,119],"performed":[113],"using":[114,121],"standard":[115],"methods.":[116],"ulceration":[118],"induced":[120],"absolute":[122],"ethanol":[123],"(5":[124],"mL/kg).":[125],"pH,":[127],"mucus":[128,192],"weight,":[129],"area,":[131],"inhibition":[134,212],"percentage":[135],"evaluated.":[137],"Histopathological":[138],"examination":[139],"quantitative":[141],"real-time":[142],"PCR":[143],"analysis":[144],"Nrf2":[146,233],"HO-1":[148,235],"expression":[149,236],"also":[151],"performed.":[152],"Results:":[153],"Phytochemical":[154],"confirmed":[156],"presence":[158],"triterpenoids":[165],"extract.":[170],"Pretreatment":[171],"significantly":[175,231],"reduced":[176,195],"dose-dependent":[182],"manner":[183],"(P<0.05).":[184],"Treated":[185],"showed":[187],"increased":[188],"pH":[190],"weight":[193],"area":[197],"compared":[198],"control":[202],"group.":[203],"The":[204,267],"mg/kg":[206],"dose":[207],"produced":[208],"highest":[210],"(98.88%)":[213],"preserved":[215],"architecture":[218],"minimal":[220],"epithelial":[221],"disruption,":[222],"edema,":[223],"inflammatory-cell":[225],"infiltration.":[226],"In":[227],"addition,":[228],"upregulated":[232],"levels.":[237],"Conclusion:":[238],"Aqueous":[239],"demonstrated":[242],"significant":[243],"activity":[245],"rats,":[252],"possibly":[253],"through":[254],"enhancement":[255],"mechanisms":[259],"activation":[261],"Nrf2/HO-1":[264],"pathway.":[266],"observed":[268],"protective":[269],"effects":[270],"may":[271],"be":[272],"attributed":[273],"to":[274],"constituents":[277],"present":[278],"extract,":[281],"supporting":[282],"potential":[284],"therapeutic":[285],"value":[286],"prevention.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-29T00:00:00"}
