{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204495794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","title":"LLM-assisted large-scale curation of peptide clinical trials maps trends in therapeutic development and trial outcomes","display_name":"LLM-assisted large-scale curation of peptide clinical trials maps trends in therapeutic development and trial outcomes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204495794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10618534/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10618534/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126386391","display_name":"Emily Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7609-8971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7609-8971"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Cancer Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Cancer Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119657785","display_name":"Uluc B Birol","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uluc Birol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amphoraxe Life Sciences Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amphoraxe Life Sciences Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148532379","display_name":"Maya Alev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya Alev","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Cancer Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Cancer Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126047958","display_name":"Iris Caglayan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iris Caglayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Cancer Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Cancer Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119657776","display_name":"Emre Demirsoy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Demirsoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Cancer Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Cancer Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065016902","display_name":"Mercan Deniz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mercan Deniz","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Cancer Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Cancer Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153586468","display_name":"Ali Salehi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9991-724X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9991-724X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Salehi","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Cancer Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9991-724X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Cancer Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090103229","display_name":"Berke U\u00e7ar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-1085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-1085"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berke Ucar","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Cancer Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Cancer Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051291616","display_name":"Anat Yanai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-6901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-6901"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anat Yanai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amphoraxe Life Sciences Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amphoraxe Life Sciences Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017539699","display_name":"\u0130nan\u00e7 Birol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-7839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-7839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inanc Birol","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.4074999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.4074999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.18569999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10911","display_name":"Chemical Synthesis and Analysis","score":0.12020000070333481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-peptides","display_name":"peptide therapeutics","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-data-curation","display_name":"automated data curation","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-results","display_name":"clinical trial results","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.7545999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.635699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172847","display_name":"Peptide","level":2,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91632574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15088675","display_name":"Data curation","level":2,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31760486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180990","display_name":"Phases of clinical research","level":3,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148482608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007018","display_name":"Clinical study design","level":3,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776789287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7166532","display_name":"Peptide vaccine","level":4,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10618534/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10618534/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10618534/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319965","display_name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","ror":"https://ror.org/020x39229"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204495794.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204495794.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006036698","https://openalex.org/W2008173042","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2127131630","https://openalex.org/W2531470489","https://openalex.org/W2765546463","https://openalex.org/W2789816271","https://openalex.org/W2885447570","https://openalex.org/W3159825009","https://openalex.org/W3203506073","https://openalex.org/W3213042299","https://openalex.org/W4212959738","https://openalex.org/W4306850125","https://openalex.org/W4386109402","https://openalex.org/W4386942462","https://openalex.org/W4390731482","https://openalex.org/W4395016924","https://openalex.org/W4396560726","https://openalex.org/W4400112692","https://openalex.org/W4400319053","https://openalex.org/W4401306886","https://openalex.org/W4408129349","https://openalex.org/W4408243805","https://openalex.org/W4414556200","https://openalex.org/W4414939355","https://openalex.org/W6947991961","https://openalex.org/W7133224126","https://openalex.org/W7138948628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220691251","https://openalex.org/W3134881099","https://openalex.org/W7203548008","https://openalex.org/W2724823461","https://openalex.org/W7154343405","https://openalex.org/W4313139625","https://openalex.org/W1460836477","https://openalex.org/W7205013942","https://openalex.org/W7168758547","https://openalex.org/W7203828010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Interest":[1],"in":[2,8,26,161,178],"peptide-based":[3],"therapeutics":[4,116],"has":[5],"rapidly":[6],"grown":[7],"recent":[9],"decades,":[10],"with":[11],"peptide":[12,41,81,104,115,119,143,179],"drugs":[13,144],"promising":[14],"high":[15],"target":[16],"specificity":[17],"and":[18,29,37,45,53,87,96,136,141,176,181,184],"low":[19],"immunogenicity.":[20],"However,":[21],"structural":[22],"concerns,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"vivo":[27],"instability":[28],"poor":[30],"membrane":[31],"permeability":[32],"can":[33],"bottleneck":[34],"clinical":[35,70,105],"translation,":[36],"large-scale":[38,190],"insights":[39],"into":[40],"drug":[42,158,182],"trial":[43,71,84],"outcomes":[44],"design":[46],"features":[47],"remain":[48],"limited.":[49],"Here,":[50],"we":[51,94],"present":[52],"validate":[54],"an":[55],"automated,":[56],"large":[57],"language":[58],"model-assisted":[59],"data":[60,192],"curation":[61],"workflow":[62],"that":[63,109,118,142],"demonstrates":[64],"annotation":[65],"agreement":[66],"(AC1":[67],"scores)":[68],"across":[69],"records":[72],"comparable":[73],"to":[74,147],"volunteer-based":[75],"annotations,":[76],"including":[77],"delivery":[78,111],"mode":[79],"(0.75),":[80],"sequence":[82],"(0.70),":[83],"outcome":[85],"(0.60),":[86],"reason-for-failure":[88],"(0.90)":[89],"labels.":[90],"Using":[91],"this":[92],"framework,":[93],"compile":[95],"analyse":[97],"a":[98,156,186],"comprehensive":[99],"historical":[100],"dataset":[101],"of":[102,126],"6,834":[103],"trials.":[106],"We":[107],"show":[108],"injectable":[110],"modalities":[112],"predominate":[113],"among":[114],"(73.47%),":[117],"pharmaceutical":[120],"trials":[121,163],"have":[122],"phase-wise":[123],"success":[124],"rates":[125],"26.36%":[127],"for":[128,133,138,167,189],"Phase":[129,134,139,168],"1":[130],"trials,":[131],"33.40%":[132],"2,":[135],"57.74%":[137],"3,":[140],"fail":[145],"due":[146],"toxicity":[148],"or":[149],"safety":[150],"concerns":[151],"far":[152],"less":[153],"often":[154],"than":[155],"general":[157],"benchmarking":[159],"set":[160],"late-stage":[162],"(4.38%":[164],"vs.":[165],"17.15%":[166],"3":[169],"trials).":[170],"These":[171],"findings":[172],"clarify":[173],"key":[174],"patterns":[175],"challenges":[177],"translation":[180],"development":[183],"offer":[185],"scalable":[187],"methodology":[188],"biomedical":[191],"curation.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}
