{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204493740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","title":"Artificial Intelligence\u2013Enhanced Virtual Reality in English as a Foreign Language Teaching: Instructor Experiences and Pedagogical Orchestration","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence\u2013Enhanced Virtual Reality in English as a Foreign Language Teaching: Instructor Experiences and Pedagogical Orchestration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204493740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","pdf_url":"https://hayefjournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/592/599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239375","display_name":"HAYEF Journal of Education","issn_l":"2602-4829","issn":["2602-4829"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HAYEF: Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://hayefjournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/592/599","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033869407","display_name":"Cemil G\u00f6khan Karacan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-5021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-5021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8666313","display_name":"Beykent University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dcvf827","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8666313"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cemil G\u00f6khan Karacan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English Language and Literature, \u0130stanbul Beykent University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-5021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Language and Literature, \u0130stanbul Beykent University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8666313"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087517856","display_name":"Tuncer Can","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-0772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-0772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuncer Can","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English Language Teaching, \u0130stanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel Faculty of Education, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-0772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Language Teaching, \u0130stanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel Faculty of Education, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.573199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.573199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.2632000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"virtual reality","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language-teaching","display_name":"English as a foreign language teaching","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructor-perceptions","display_name":"instructor perceptions","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaking-practice","display_name":"speaking practice","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-play","display_name":"role play","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-mediation","display_name":"teacher mediation","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-feedback","display_name":"automated feedback","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-preparedness","display_name":"institutional readiness","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-immersion","display_name":"language immersion","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5443999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178624890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056636","display_name":"Instructional simulation","level":3,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777549822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193729","display_name":"Communicative competence","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776538412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989963","display_name":"Storytelling","level":3,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","pdf_url":"https://hayefjournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/592/599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239375","display_name":"HAYEF Journal of Education","issn_l":"2602-4829","issn":["2602-4829"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HAYEF: Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2026.26063","pdf_url":"https://hayefjournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/592/599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239375","display_name":"HAYEF Journal of Education","issn_l":"2602-4829","issn":["2602-4829"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HAYEF: Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204493740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204493740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411464561","https://openalex.org/W7216163407","https://openalex.org/W7164284787","https://openalex.org/W7215305277","https://openalex.org/W7216760001","https://openalex.org/W7220008194","https://openalex.org/W7217097776","https://openalex.org/W7213304342","https://openalex.org/W4399434341","https://openalex.org/W4283465309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0,291],"intelligence":[1],"is":[2],"increasingly":[3],"reshaping":[4],"immersive":[5],"educational":[6],"environments;":[7],"yet,":[8],"empirical":[9],"attention":[10],"to":[11,149,192,221],"its":[12],"integration":[13],"with":[14,58,194],"virtual":[15,45,74,77,255,293],"reality":[16,46,174,181,256,294],"in":[17,48,56,186,257,295],"English":[18,32,60,258,296],"as":[19,33,61,182,259,297],"a":[20,34,62,118,260,298],"foreign":[21,35,63,261,299],"language":[22,36,64,120,262,300],"teaching":[23,50,263],"remains":[24],"limited.":[25],"This":[26],"qualitative":[27,113],"descriptive":[28],"study":[29,53,247],"examined":[30],"how":[31],"instructors":[37,65],"perceived,":[38],"implemented,":[39],"and":[40,84,94,136,166,169,200,206,217,237,275,304],"evaluated":[41],"artificial":[42,80,172,178,253],"intelligence\u2013":[43],"enhanced":[44],"activities":[47],"their":[49,187],"practices.":[51],"The":[52,107,140,246],"was":[54],"conducted":[55],"Tu\u0308rkiye":[57],"eight":[59,91],"from":[66,146],"two":[67],"universities":[68],"who":[69],"had":[70],"prior":[71],"experience":[72],"using":[73],"reality-based":[75],"or":[76,104],"reality-":[78],"compatible":[79],"intelligence\u2013supported":[81],"speaking,":[82,157],"role-play,":[83],"communication":[85],"activities.":[86],"Data":[87],"were":[88,109],"collected":[89],"through":[90,111],"semi-structured":[92],"interviews":[93],"five":[95,143],"optional":[96],"stimulated-recall":[97],"sessions":[98],"based":[99],"on":[100,266,270],"short":[101],"lesson-recording":[102],"excerpts":[103],"demonstration":[105],"recordings.":[106],"data":[108],"analyzed":[110],"inductive":[112],"content":[114],"analysis":[115,141],"supported":[116,202],"by":[117,126],"large":[119],"model\u2013assisted":[121],"preliminary":[122],"open-coding":[123],"process,":[124],"followed":[125],"manual":[127],"code":[128],"refinement,":[129],"codebook":[130],"development,":[131],"peer":[132],"debriefing,":[133],"member":[134],"checking,":[135],"intercoder":[137],"reliability":[138],"procedures.":[139],"generated":[142],"interpretive":[144],"themes:":[145],"scripted":[147],"simulation":[148],"contingent":[150],"conversation,":[151],"lowering":[152],"the":[153,238,250],"social":[154],"cost":[155],"of":[156,243,252,309],"classroom":[158,164,233],"realism":[159],"without":[160],"real-world":[161],"risk,":[162],"orchestrating":[163],"visibility":[165],"fragile":[167],"infrastructure,":[168],"pedagogically":[170,183],"accountable":[171],"intelligence\u2013virtual":[173],"adoption.":[175],"Instructors":[176],"viewed":[177],"intelligence\u2013enhanced":[179,254,292],"virtua":[180],"promising":[184],"because,":[185],"accounts,":[188],"it":[189],"enabled":[190],"learners":[191],"converse":[193],"responsive":[195],"computergenerated":[196],"agents,":[197],"increased":[198],"engagement":[199],"attendance,":[201],"lower-pressure":[203],"speaking":[204],"practice,":[205],"created":[207],"opportunities":[208],"for":[209,240],"real-life":[210],"communication.":[211],"However,":[212],"they":[213],"also":[214],"emphasized":[215],"practical":[216],"pedagogical":[218,305],"constraints":[219],"related":[220],"institutional":[222,273],"Wi-Fi":[223],"authentication,":[224],"mobile":[225],"hotspot":[226],"instability,":[227],"headset":[228],"management,":[229],"screen-casting,":[230],"projection":[231],"quality,":[232],"visibility,":[234],"task":[235],"alignment,":[236],"need":[239],"teacher":[241,277],"mediation":[242],"automated":[244],"feedback.":[245],"suggests":[248],"that":[249],"value":[251],"depends":[264],"less":[265],"technological":[267],"novelty":[268],"than":[269],"instructional":[271],"design,":[272],"readiness,":[274],"sustained":[276],"professional":[278],"development.":[279],"Cite":[280],"this":[281],"article":[282],"as:":[283],"Karacan,":[284],"C.":[285],"G.,":[286],"&":[287],"Can,":[288],"T.":[289],"(2026).":[290],"teaching:":[301],"Instructor":[302],"experiences":[303],"orchestration.":[306],"HAYEF:":[307],"Journal":[308],"Education,":[310],"23,":[311],"0063,":[312],"doi:":[313],"10.5152/hayef.2026.26063.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}