{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204492086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","title":"Real-Time Genomic Epidemiology Approaches to a Measles Outbreak Response in Utah","display_name":"Real-Time Genomic Epidemiology Approaches to a Measles Outbreak Response in Utah","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204492086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.25.26361356.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.25.26361356.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002326539","display_name":"Mary Jewell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-4940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-4940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272622","display_name":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04f3anj10","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Jewell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","Utah Public Health Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Public Health Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107741750","display_name":"Abbey Marye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3375-5610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3375-5610"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abbey Marye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Public Health Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Public Health Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148447709","display_name":"Clarissa Neilsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272622","display_name":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04f3anj10","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clarissa Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065009187","display_name":"Leisha Diane Nolen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-9347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-9347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272622","display_name":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04f3anj10","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leisha D. Nolen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003883102","display_name":"Amelia Prebish Salmanson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272622","display_name":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04f3anj10","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amelia Salmanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Population Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140804836","display_name":"Kelly Oakeson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Oakeson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Public Health Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Public Health Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107741750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11581","display_name":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measles-outbreak","display_name":"measles outbreak","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-genome-sequencing","display_name":"whole genome sequencing","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-epidemiology","display_name":"genomic epidemiology","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak-investigation","display_name":"outbreak investigation","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-analysis","display_name":"phylogenetic analysis","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-clusters","display_name":"genomic clusters","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-transmission","display_name":"school transmission","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-events","display_name":"sports events","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776438120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79793","display_name":"Measles","level":3,"score":0.7508999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.7324000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.6559000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.6539000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44465124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623","display_name":"Clade","level":4,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24432333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068526","display_name":"Whole genome sequencing","level":4,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994067223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"Genomic sequencing","level":4,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97669555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118435","display_name":"Molecular epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780657872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804161","display_name":"Measles vaccine","level":4,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776361769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821775","display_name":"Public health surveillance","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.25.26361356.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.25.26361356","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.25.26361356.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G464474549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CK24-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","funder_display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204492086.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204492086.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009596137","https://openalex.org/W2097718079","https://openalex.org/W2099488092","https://openalex.org/W2127322768","https://openalex.org/W2140284740","https://openalex.org/W2951384372","https://openalex.org/W3041647690","https://openalex.org/W3127638532","https://openalex.org/W3217144942","https://openalex.org/W4385324147","https://openalex.org/W4400918061","https://openalex.org/W4404511292","https://openalex.org/W4405689710","https://openalex.org/W4406424173","https://openalex.org/W4411929659","https://openalex.org/W7160408120","https://openalex.org/W7165117764","https://openalex.org/W7165151415","https://openalex.org/W7168361957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172430468","https://openalex.org/W4406424173","https://openalex.org/W7213954118","https://openalex.org/W7165151415","https://openalex.org/W4404511292","https://openalex.org/W4412172735","https://openalex.org/W3198782093","https://openalex.org/W3109749614","https://openalex.org/W2139582998","https://openalex.org/W3186977185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1,52,161,251],"vaccination":[2,252],"rates":[3,253],"have":[4,9],"declined,":[5],"large":[6,334,350],"measles":[7,25,50,95,150,162,255,287],"outbreaks":[8,256],"taken":[10],"hold":[11],"in":[12,33,97,204,213,244,296,321,326],"vulnerable":[13],"populations.":[14],"In":[15,313],"2025,":[16,35],"the":[17,21,36,79,84,157,200,248,262,284,297,338],"United":[18,263],"States":[19],"saw":[20],"highest":[22],"number":[23],"of":[24,65,81,93,113,149,159,202,286,299,310,329,340,361],"cases":[26,96,225],"since":[27],"1991.":[28],"After":[29],"Utah\u2019s":[30,53],"first":[31],"case":[32,171],"June":[34],"Utah":[37],"Public":[38],"Health":[39],"Laboratory":[40],"(UPHL)":[41],"began":[42],"performing":[43],"whole":[44],"genome":[45],"sequencing":[46],"(WGS)":[47],"on":[48,348],"clinical":[49],"samples.":[51],"outbreak":[54,206],"grew,":[55],"public":[56,272],"health":[57,273],"professionals":[58],"used":[59,88,116,127],"WGS":[60,203,265,289,320,342],"data":[61,72,209,215,278,363],"to":[62,73,117,128,216,227,259,269,283,294,364],"identify":[63,74],"clusters":[64,138],"disease,":[66],"and":[67,70,100,121,134,181,184,191,222,236,302,366],"combined":[68],"genomic":[69,119,132,182,277,362],"epidemiologic":[71],"factors":[75],"that":[76,234,318],"may":[77],"fuel":[78],"spread":[80],"disease":[82],"throughout":[83],"state.":[85,249],"This":[86,197],"study":[87,198,353],"sequenced":[89],"samples":[90],"from":[91,193],"65%":[92],"reported":[94],"Utah.":[98],"Time-scaled":[99],"maximum":[101],"likelihood":[102],"phylogenetic":[103,143,165],"trees":[104],"were":[105,139],"generated.":[106],"A":[107],"single":[108],"nucleotide":[109],"polymorphism":[110],"(SNP)":[111],"threshold":[112],"one":[114,154],"was":[115,126,324],"generate":[118],"clusters,":[120],"a":[122,175,228,241,291,344,349,355],"Fisher\u2019s":[123],"Exact":[124],"test":[125],"determine":[129],"association":[130,177],"between":[131,178],"cluster":[133],"epidemiological":[135,214,280,300,346],"variables.":[136],"Epidemiological":[137],"assessed":[140],"using":[141],"annotated":[142],"trees.":[144],"We":[145,173,231],"found":[146],"multiple":[147],"introductions":[148],"into":[151,271,279,343],"Utah,":[152],"with":[153,168],"accounting":[155],"for":[156,211,358],"majority":[158],"cases.":[160],"spread,":[163],"two":[164],"clades":[166],"emerged":[167],"differing":[169],"geographical":[170],"compositions.":[172],"identified":[174],"significant":[176,242],"shared":[179],"school":[180,194],"clustering,":[183],"we":[185,316],"reconstructed":[186],"transmission":[187,221,246,331],"chains":[188],"within":[189],"schools":[190,235],"emerging":[192,368],"sporting":[195,238],"events.":[196],"demonstrates":[199],"utility":[201,339],"real-time":[205,345],"investigations.":[207],"Sequencing":[208],"allowed":[210],"gaps":[212,298],"be":[217],"filled,":[218],"revealing":[219],"undetected":[220],"clarifying":[223],"whether":[224],"belong":[226],"known":[229],"outbreak.":[230],"also":[232],"highlight":[233],"high-contact":[237],"events":[239,307],"played":[240],"role":[243],"fueling":[245],"across":[247,261],"Importance":[250],"decline,":[254],"will":[257],"continue":[258],"appear":[260],"States.":[264],"has":[266,276],"become":[267],"easier":[268],"integrate":[270],"laboratories,":[274],"as":[275],"workflows.":[281],"Due":[282],"nature":[285],"outbreaks,":[288],"is":[290],"valuable":[292],"tool":[293],"fill":[295],"investigations":[301],"assess":[303],"potential":[304],"areas":[305],"or":[306],"at":[308],"risk":[309],"greater":[311],"transmission.":[312],"this":[314,352],"study,":[315],"show":[317],"utilizing":[319],"real":[322],"time":[323],"crucial":[325],"our":[327],"understanding":[328],"how":[330],"occurred":[332],"following":[333],"gatherings.":[335],"By":[336],"demonstrating":[337],"integrating":[341],"workflow":[347],"scale,":[351],"provides":[354],"launching":[356],"point":[357],"further":[359],"application":[360],"investigate":[365],"understand":[367],"outbreaks.":[369]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}