{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204490184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","title":"How Digital Transformation Strengthens Regional Innovation Systems Through Public Research Platforms: Evidence from State Key Laboratories in China","display_name":"How Digital Transformation Strengthens Regional Innovation Systems Through Public Research Platforms: Evidence from State Key Laboratories in China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204490184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14091051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066157443","display_name":"Qianlin Ni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianlin Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148412633","display_name":"Huaian Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huaian Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003860921","display_name":"Yichi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-5442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-5442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148412633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64950009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"1051","last_page":"1051"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12958","display_name":"Digital Economy and Transformation","score":0.5898000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12958","display_name":"Digital Economy and Transformation","score":0.5898000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13384","display_name":"Regional Economic Development and Innovation","score":0.1152999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.06560000032186508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"digital transformation","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-innovation-systems","display_name":"regional innovation systems","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-key-laboratories","display_name":"state key laboratories","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-innovation-performance","display_name":"regional innovation performance","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-cooperation","display_name":"international cooperation","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-diffusion","display_name":"knowledge diffusion","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-base","display_name":"industrial base","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-provinces","display_name":"Chinese provinces","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124936454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086827","display_name":"Sobel test","level":3,"score":0.6061000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44970651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014030","display_name":"Fixed effects model","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467367","display_name":"Innovation system","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14091051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab359d14a9da4b9dab04d80894d8b6dd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab359d14a9da4b9dab04d80894d8b6dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 1051 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14091051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14091051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6963409185409546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8236293979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025EDA039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330031","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330031","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494159611","https://openalex.org/W1531225860","https://openalex.org/W1574363380","https://openalex.org/W1937315645","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1994632152","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2002779084","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2068719957","https://openalex.org/W2069487496","https://openalex.org/W2075763914","https://openalex.org/W2083496701","https://openalex.org/W2126129668","https://openalex.org/W2129858953","https://openalex.org/W2148060162","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2154325204","https://openalex.org/W2171443468","https://openalex.org/W2171527181","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W2577227262","https://openalex.org/W2610102381","https://openalex.org/W2739126509","https://openalex.org/W2791859701","https://openalex.org/W2800663167","https://openalex.org/W2811032134","https://openalex.org/W2883739506","https://openalex.org/W2912800036","https://openalex.org/W2953145841","https://openalex.org/W2955156490","https://openalex.org/W2978346165","https://openalex.org/W3112066496","https://openalex.org/W3113269512","https://openalex.org/W3123689642","https://openalex.org/W3193792355","https://openalex.org/W4226372073","https://openalex.org/W4252846263","https://openalex.org/W4285450481","https://openalex.org/W4297991518","https://openalex.org/W4309174087","https://openalex.org/W4320343146","https://openalex.org/W4322615761","https://openalex.org/W4386546133","https://openalex.org/W4390651656","https://openalex.org/W4390870542","https://openalex.org/W4391559898","https://openalex.org/W4393536586","https://openalex.org/W4396508347","https://openalex.org/W4400055378","https://openalex.org/W4402091969","https://openalex.org/W4402461681","https://openalex.org/W4402923376","https://openalex.org/W4405257862","https://openalex.org/W4406215947","https://openalex.org/W4411369898","https://openalex.org/W4412355998","https://openalex.org/W4413114455","https://openalex.org/W4413135248","https://openalex.org/W7135039074","https://openalex.org/W7155876952","https://openalex.org/W7160072452","https://openalex.org/W7161768275","https://openalex.org/W7161794190"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scientific":[0],"problem.":[1],"Although":[2],"digital":[3,18,32,80,119,272,290],"transformation":[4,81,120,291],"is":[5,121,232,248],"widely":[6],"regarded":[7],"as":[8,61,294,300],"a":[9,62,88,211,295,301],"system-level":[10,302],"enabler":[11],"of":[12,66,78,169,271,313],"regional":[13,79,83,125,321],"innovation,":[14],"regions":[15],"with":[16,124,146,320],"similar":[17],"investment":[19],"still":[20],"display":[21],"markedly":[22],"different":[23],"innovation":[24,35,84,126,265,306],"outcomes,":[25],"and":[26,41,71,99,115,128,239,254,279,283,317,328,331],"the":[27,76,94,133,143,147,153,186,199,206,236,240,251,257,310],"organizational":[28],"channels":[29],"that":[30,165,263,289],"convert":[31],"conditions":[33],"into":[34],"performance":[36,266],"remain":[37],"insufficiently":[38],"specified.":[39],"Aim":[40],"method.":[42],"Using":[43],"panel":[44],"data":[45,330],"for":[46],"30":[47],"Chinese":[48],"provinces":[49],"from":[50,268],"2014":[51],"to":[52,82,335],"2019,":[53],"this":[54,170],"study":[55],"conceptualizes":[56],"State":[57],"Key":[58],"Laboratories":[59],"(SKLs)":[60],"specific":[63],"institutional":[64],"form":[65],"public":[67,314],"research":[68,315,324],"platforms":[69,316],"(PRPs)":[70],"examines":[72],"whether":[73],"SKLs":[74,166],"transmit":[75,167],"effect":[77,150,171,189,214],"performance.":[85],"We":[86],"construct":[87],"Regional":[89,118],"Digital":[90],"Transformation":[91],"Index":[92],"using":[93,103],"entropy":[95],"weight":[96],"TOPSIS":[97],"method":[98],"estimate":[100],"its":[101],"effects":[102,106,307],"two-way":[104],"fixed":[105],"models,":[107],"IV":[108],"estimation,":[109],"policy":[110,140,149],"shock":[111],"DID,":[112],"mediation":[113],"analysis,":[114],"fsQCA.":[116],"Results.":[117],"positively":[122],"associated":[123],"performance,":[127],"DID":[129],"estimates":[130],"based":[131],"on":[132,309],"National":[134],"Big":[135],"Data":[136],"Comprehensive":[137],"Pilot":[138],"Zone":[139],"point":[141],"in":[142],"same":[144],"direction,":[145],"average":[148],"significant":[151],"at":[152],"5%":[154],"level":[155],"under":[156],"province-clustered":[157],"inference":[158],"(p":[159],"<":[160],"0.05).":[161],"Mediation":[162],"analysis":[163],"shows":[164,262],"part":[168],"through":[172],"both":[173,235],"boundary-spanning":[174,275,311],"functions.":[175],"The":[176,286],"external":[177],"knowledge":[178],"introduction":[179],"channel,":[180,203],"captured":[181,204],"by":[182,205,234,250,256],"international":[183],"collaboration,":[184],"carries":[185,210],"larger":[187],"indirect":[188,213],"(318.966,":[190],"Sobel":[191,216,237,258],"z":[192,217],"=":[193,196,218,221],"2.14,":[194],"p":[195,220],"0.032),":[197],"while":[198,244],"internal":[200],"network":[201,207],"diffusion":[202],"hub":[208],"function,":[209],"smaller":[212],"(93.285,":[215],"1.89,":[219],"0.059)":[222],"whose":[223,305],"cluster":[224],"bootstrap":[225,242],"interval":[226,253],"excludes":[227],"zero.":[228],"H3a":[229],"(external":[230],"collaboration)":[231],"confirmed":[233],"test":[238],"BCa":[241,252],"interval,":[243],"H3b":[245],"(network":[246],"hub)":[247],"supported":[249],"marginally":[255],"test.":[259],"fsQCA":[260],"further":[261],"superior":[264],"arises":[267],"multiple":[269],"configurations":[270],"transformation,":[273],"SKL":[274],"functions,":[276],"human":[277],"capital,":[278],"industrial":[280],"base.":[281],"Conclusion":[282],"future":[284],"research.":[285],"findings":[287],"suggest":[288],"acts":[292],"less":[293],"standalone":[296],"technological":[297],"input":[298],"than":[299],"enabling":[303],"condition":[304],"depend":[308],"functions":[312],"their":[318],"alignment":[319],"conditions.":[322],"Future":[323],"could":[325],"use":[326],"laboratory-":[327],"firm-level":[329],"dynamic":[332],"configurational":[333],"methods":[334],"trace":[336],"these":[337],"mechanisms":[338],"over":[339],"time.":[340]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}
