{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204486006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","title":"Predictors of prolonged hospitalization among children admitted with severe pneumonia in Southeast Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study","display_name":"Predictors of prolonged hospitalization among children admitted with severe pneumonia in Southeast Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204486006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79318-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79318-z_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148421179","display_name":"Mubarek Redwan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600922","display_name":"Arsi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6kmw55","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mubarek Redwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148421760","display_name":"Bereket Belete","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600922","display_name":"Arsi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6kmw55","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bereket Belete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031544298","display_name":"Gizachew Abdeta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600922","display_name":"Arsi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6kmw55","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gizachew Abdeta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126797214","display_name":"Tesfa Gebremeskel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600922","display_name":"Arsi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6kmw55","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tesfa Gebremeskel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004022779","display_name":"Ayalneh Demissie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-7238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-7238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600922","display_name":"Arsi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6kmw55","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayalneh Demissie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-7238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004022779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600922"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-pneumonia","display_name":"severe pneumonia","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-pneumonia","display_name":"pediatric pneumonia","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prolonged-hospitalization","display_name":"prolonged hospital stay","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-hospital-stay","display_name":"length of hospital stay","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-seeking-delay","display_name":"treatment-seeking delay","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination-status","display_name":"vaccination status","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southeast-ethiopia","display_name":"Southeast Ethiopia","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9157999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.65420001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.6337000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909598931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17017329","display_name":"Severe Acute Malnutrition","level":3,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170964787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611170","display_name":"Stepwise regression","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020552793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644264","display_name":"Pediatric hospital","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79318-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10510592/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10510592/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10510592/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10510592/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79318-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79318-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204486006.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204486006.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089249675","https://openalex.org/W4379472682","https://openalex.org/W4383466280","https://openalex.org/W4383531822","https://openalex.org/W4384406691","https://openalex.org/W4385293069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399249768","https://openalex.org/W4383466280","https://openalex.org/W4311283531","https://openalex.org/W2025700820","https://openalex.org/W4401840634","https://openalex.org/W7128056180","https://openalex.org/W3089249675","https://openalex.org/W4410425850","https://openalex.org/W7221697674","https://openalex.org/W7221002331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Severe":[0],"pneumonia":[1,45,154,216],"remains":[2],"a":[3],"primary":[4],"driver":[5],"of":[6,36,103,124,152],"pediatric":[7,43,67,214],"morbidity":[8],"in":[9,47,212,238],"Sub-Saharan":[10],"Africa.":[11],"Prolonged":[12],"hospital":[13,22,105],"stay":[14,106],"(PHS)":[15],"escalates":[16],"healthcare":[17],"expenditure":[18],"and":[19,33,60,94,176,202,227,234],"strains":[20],"referral":[21,240],"resources.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25,54],"aimed":[26],"to":[27,72],"evaluate":[28],"the":[29,116],"proportion,":[30],"clinical":[31],"determinants,":[32],"overall":[34],"performance":[35,195],"factors":[37,120],"associated":[38,121],"with":[39,76,84],"PHS":[40],"among":[41],"hospitalized":[42],"severe":[44,77,215],"cases":[46,68],"Southeast":[48],"Ethiopia.":[49],"A":[50],"hospital-based":[51],"retrospective":[52],"follow-up":[53],"was":[55,82,110],"conducted":[56],"at":[57],"Asella":[58],"Referral":[59],"Teaching":[61],"Hospital,":[62],"analyzing":[63],"395":[64],"systematically":[65],"sampled":[66],"(aged":[69],"3":[70],"months":[71],"14":[73],"years)":[74],"admitted":[75],"pneumonia.":[78],"Multivariable":[79],"logistic":[80],"regression":[81],"executed":[83],"model":[85,191,204],"diagnostics,":[86],"including":[87],"Variance":[88],"Inflation":[89],"Factors":[90],"(VIF),":[91],"Hosmer-Lemeshow":[92],"goodness-of-fit,":[93],"Receiver":[95],"Operating":[96],"Characteristic":[97],"(ROC)":[98],"curve":[99],"analysis.":[100],"The":[101,188],"proportion":[102],"prolonged":[104,219,232],"(>":[107],"7":[108],"days)":[109],"42.0%":[111],"(95%":[112],"CI":[113,132,146,159,171,183,200],"37.2\u201346.8).":[114],"In":[115],"multivariable":[117,189],"model,":[118],"independent":[119],"included":[122],"presence":[123],"comorbidities":[125],"(Adjusted":[126],"OR":[127],"[aOR]":[128],"=":[129,143,156,168,180,186,197,208],"4.02;":[130],"95%":[131,145,158,170,182,199],"2.42\u20136.67;":[133],"p":[134,148,161,173,185,207],"<":[135,149,162,174],"0.001),":[136,150,163,175],"care-seeking":[137,222],"delay":[138],">":[139],"48":[140],"h":[141],"(aOR":[142,155,167,179],"3.89;":[144],"2.35\u20136.42;":[147],"history":[151],"previous":[153],"3.23;":[157],"1.81\u20135.74;":[160],"partial":[164],"vaccination":[165],"status":[166],"3.03;":[169],"1.73\u20135.32;":[172],"underlying":[177],"malnutrition":[178],"2.44;":[181],"1.15\u20135.18;":[184],"0.021).":[187],"explanatory":[190],"demonstrated":[192],"good":[193,203],"discriminative":[194],"(AUC":[196],"0.804,":[198],"0.759\u20130.848)":[201],"calibration":[205],"(Hosmer-Lemeshow":[206],"0.612).":[209],"Over":[210],"four":[211],"ten":[213],"admissions":[217],"experience":[218],"hospitalization.":[220],"Prompt":[221],"behavior,":[223],"complete":[224],"routine":[225],"immunization,":[226],"nutritional":[228],"interventions":[229],"may":[230],"reduce":[231],"hospitalization":[233],"should":[235],"be":[236],"prioritized":[237],"similar":[239],"settings.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}