{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204483191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","title":"Pre-Pupae and Pupae of Anticarsia gemmatalis as Suitable Alternative Hosts for Tetrastichus howardi Mass Rearing","display_name":"Pre-Pupae and Pupae of Anticarsia gemmatalis as Suitable Alternative Hosts for Tetrastichus howardi Mass Rearing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204483191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16171643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032433361","display_name":"Winnie Cezario Fernandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-2306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-2306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187420256","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados","ror":"https://ror.org/0310smc09","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winnie Ces\u00e1rio Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082752788","display_name":"Helter Carlos Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-0952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-0952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166948","display_name":"Instituto Agron\u00f4mico do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05hvcqy45","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helter Carlos Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-0952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078079638","display_name":"Valeria Freitas Chaves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-5344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-5344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187420256","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados","ror":"https://ror.org/0310smc09","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Freitas Chaves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-5344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081014437","display_name":"Luciano Mendes de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-2461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-2461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166948","display_name":"Instituto Agron\u00f4mico do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05hvcqy45","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Mendes de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-2461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114098988","display_name":"Millena dos Santos Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-0368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-0368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127110123","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Londrina","ror":"https://ror.org/01585b035","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Millena dos Santos Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 380, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-0368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 380, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148464795","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Luiz Fernandes Netto Pires","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166948","display_name":"Instituto Agron\u00f4mico do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05hvcqy45","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9rgio Luiz Fernandes Netto Pires","raw_affiliation_strings":["Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067471860","display_name":"Patrik Luiz Pastori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1892-8029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1892-8029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187420256","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados","ror":"https://ror.org/0310smc09","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrik Luiz Pastori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1892-8029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079302274","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio Fagundes Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-7409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-7409"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187420256","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados","ror":"https://ror.org/0310smc09","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabricio Fagundes Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-7409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187420256"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087018494","display_name":"Humberto Godoy Androcioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-2549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-2549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166948","display_name":"Instituto Agron\u00f4mico do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05hvcqy45","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Humberto Godoy Androcioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-2549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Entomology Laboratory, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paran\u00e1, IAPAR-EMATER, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Kilometer 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087018494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"1643","last_page":"1643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.6851000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.6851000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12132","display_name":"Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny","score":0.21799999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12043","display_name":"Insect behavior and control techniques","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrastichus-howardi","display_name":"Tetrastichus howardi","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticarsia-gemmatalis","display_name":"Anticarsia gemmatalis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-host-plants","display_name":"alternative host plants","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasitoid-mass-rearing","display_name":"parasitoid mass rearing","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraspecific-competition","display_name":"intraspecific competition","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-control","display_name":"biological control","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasite-prevalence","display_name":"parasite prevalence","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-ratio","display_name":"sex ratio","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-longevity","display_name":"female longevity","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egg-to-adult-development-time","display_name":"egg-to-adult development time","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779330524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774594","display_name":"Anticarsia gemmatalis","level":4,"score":0.9082000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778234367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186517","display_name":"Parasitism","level":3,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175734852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170595","display_name":"Pupa","level":3,"score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776759703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066907","display_name":"Longevity","level":2,"score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595663","display_name":"Parasitoid","level":3,"score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104727253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116890","display_name":"Biological pest control","level":2,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770985","display_name":"Intraspecific competition","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199733313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22856","display_name":"Population density","level":3,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776451879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292038","display_name":"Infestation","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57520943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068155","display_name":"Sex ratio","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540442320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306047","display_name":"Pest control","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992527028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural enemies","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16171643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c59013ac8c94d3aa9d8a8152928af34","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c59013ac8c94d3aa9d8a8152928af34","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 1643 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16171643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16171643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6735000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499569046","https://openalex.org/W1905943165","https://openalex.org/W1976436293","https://openalex.org/W1978031195","https://openalex.org/W2009451941","https://openalex.org/W2012792667","https://openalex.org/W2032282058","https://openalex.org/W2033484668","https://openalex.org/W2033752761","https://openalex.org/W2035166311","https://openalex.org/W2036612825","https://openalex.org/W2046550206","https://openalex.org/W2050093649","https://openalex.org/W2051621671","https://openalex.org/W2063105116","https://openalex.org/W2064003574","https://openalex.org/W2068636973","https://openalex.org/W2069061073","https://openalex.org/W2072675141","https://openalex.org/W2074044607","https://openalex.org/W2092099961","https://openalex.org/W2097233991","https://openalex.org/W2098731931","https://openalex.org/W2101853435","https://openalex.org/W2102943495","https://openalex.org/W2106149648","https://openalex.org/W2122160761","https://openalex.org/W2128561095","https://openalex.org/W2135932545","https://openalex.org/W2135976584","https://openalex.org/W2138993217","https://openalex.org/W2143849655","https://openalex.org/W2146785050","https://openalex.org/W2154503605","https://openalex.org/W2158117220","https://openalex.org/W2166085369","https://openalex.org/W2221497935","https://openalex.org/W2294596264","https://openalex.org/W2297927720","https://openalex.org/W2315427719","https://openalex.org/W2334368806","https://openalex.org/W2417792032","https://openalex.org/W2461202311","https://openalex.org/W2465455232","https://openalex.org/W2566144003","https://openalex.org/W2580390061","https://openalex.org/W2597376791","https://openalex.org/W2897657879","https://openalex.org/W2900570305","https://openalex.org/W2977979689","https://openalex.org/W2991209709","https://openalex.org/W3159637260","https://openalex.org/W4221067857","https://openalex.org/W4226334524","https://openalex.org/W4306247946","https://openalex.org/W4312920288","https://openalex.org/W4321599224","https://openalex.org/W4382240539","https://openalex.org/W4385850641","https://openalex.org/W4391967745","https://openalex.org/W4401402963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7120844933","https://openalex.org/W6931054793","https://openalex.org/W4391967745","https://openalex.org/W4306247946","https://openalex.org/W4394874061","https://openalex.org/W2026158063","https://openalex.org/W2255315641","https://openalex.org/W2210407837","https://openalex.org/W2309158117","https://openalex.org/W4385850641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizing":[0],"mass-rearing":[1],"systems":[2],"using":[3],"alternative":[4,151],"hosts":[5,152],"is":[6,171],"essential":[7],"for":[8,58,153],"successful":[9],"biological":[10,23],"control":[11],"programs.":[12],"This":[13],"study":[14],"evaluated":[15],"the":[16,22,101],"effect":[17],"of":[18,25,36,164],"foundress":[19,91,162],"density":[20,92,163],"on":[21,32],"parameters":[24],"Tetrastichus":[26,64],"howardi":[27,65,155],"(Olliff)":[28],"(Hymenoptera:":[29],"Eulophidae)":[30],"reared":[31],"pre-pupae":[33,145],"and":[34,55,75,109,133,146],"pupae":[35,147],"Anticarsia":[37],"gemmatalis":[38,144],"H\u00fcbner":[39],"(Lepidoptera:":[40],"Erebidae).":[41],"Hosts":[42],"were":[43],"individually":[44],"exposed":[45],"to":[46,121,166,173],"six":[47],"parasitoid":[48],"densities":[49,81],"(1,":[50],"5,":[51],"10,":[52],"15,":[53],"20,":[54],"25":[56],"females/host)":[57],"24":[59],"h":[60],"under":[61],"laboratory":[62],"conditions.":[63],"successfully":[66],"parasitized":[67],"both":[68],"developmental":[69],"stages":[70],"across":[71,130],"all":[72,131],"densities.":[73],"Parasitism":[74],"emergence":[76],"rates":[77],"reached":[78],"100%":[79],"at":[80,100],"\u2265":[82],"10":[83,167],"females/host.":[84],"The":[85,123],"egg-to-adult":[86],"development":[87],"period":[88],"decreased":[89],"as":[90],"increased,":[93],"indicating":[94],"intraspecific":[95],"competition.":[96],"Total":[97],"progeny":[98,176],"peaked":[99],"25:1":[102],"density,":[103],"yielding":[104],"389.4":[105],"individuals":[106,111],"per":[107,112,169],"pre-pupa":[108],"414.0":[110],"pupa.":[113],"Conversely,":[114],"individual":[115],"female":[116,134],"productivity":[117],"was":[118,138],"inversely":[119],"proportional":[120],"density.":[122],"sex":[124],"ratio":[125],"remained":[126],"highly":[127,149],"female-biased":[128],"(~0.80)":[129],"treatments,":[132],"longevity":[135],"(~9":[136],"days)":[137],"not":[139],"compromised.":[140],"In":[141],"conclusion,":[142],"A.":[143],"are":[148],"suitable":[150],"T.":[154],"multiplication.":[156],"For":[157],"optimized":[158],"mass":[159],"production,":[160],"a":[161],"5":[165],"females":[168],"host":[170],"recommended":[172],"maximize":[174],"high-quality":[175],"yield.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}
