{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204483061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","title":"The geography of nocturnality \u2013 emergence patterns of bats on a latitudinal gradient","display_name":"The geography of nocturnality \u2013 emergence patterns of bats on a latitudinal gradient","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204483061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747239.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747239.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148413214","display_name":"Samanvitha Santusht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4356-467X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4356-467X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139717","display_name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/03tcx6c30","country_code":"FI","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samanvitha Santusht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4356-467X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045341569","display_name":"Mari Aas Fjelldal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-906X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-906X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139717","display_name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/03tcx6c30","country_code":"FI","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mari Aas Fjelldal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, \u00c5s, Norway","Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-906X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051321040","display_name":"Rohit Chakravarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-6917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-6917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128182","display_name":"Centre For Wildlife Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/039c5k490","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154298","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nywn832","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210154298"]}],"countries":["DE","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Chakravarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru, India","Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-6917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086403992","display_name":"Giulliana Appel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-1149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-1149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161302","display_name":"Vale Technological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05wnasr61","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161302"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulliana Appel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico da Vale, Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m, 66055-090, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-1149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico da Vale, Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m, 66055-090, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034490743","display_name":"Paulo Estefano Dineli Bobrowiec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8945-6105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8945-6105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187079419","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia","ror":"https://ror.org/01xe86309","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187079419"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Bobrowiec","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institude of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8945-6105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institude of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187079419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007085654","display_name":"Thomas M. Lilley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-4958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-4958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139717","display_name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/03tcx6c30","country_code":"FI","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Lilley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-4958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148413214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nocturnal-activity","display_name":"nocturnal activity","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitudinal-gradient","display_name":"latitudinal gradient","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-onset","display_name":"activity onset","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bats","display_name":"bats","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-structure","display_name":"social structure","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frugivorous-bats","display_name":"frugivorous bats","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insectivorous-bats","display_name":"insectivorous bats","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predator-presence","display_name":"predator presence","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-plasticity","display_name":"evolutionary plasticity","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.7279000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.638700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1607611","display_name":"Nocturnal","level":2,"score":0.5800999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13376991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587698","display_name":"Ectotherm","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152491559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886501","display_name":"Macroecology","level":3,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167954536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1920844","display_name":"Human echolocation","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778234026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7377","display_name":"Mammal","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936","display_name":"Temporal scales","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25978","display_name":"Charadriiformes","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775921128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3138714","display_name":"Overwintering","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216507","display_name":"Bird migration","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67205732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966735","display_name":"Cline (biology)","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123575903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52106","display_name":"Biogeography","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153026981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519888","display_name":"Allometry","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120863692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3255068","display_name":"Crepuscular","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747239.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747239","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747239.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204483061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204483061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135783813","https://openalex.org/W611823233","https://openalex.org/W1577315569","https://openalex.org/W1863496033","https://openalex.org/W1974604338","https://openalex.org/W1976423900","https://openalex.org/W1977355384","https://openalex.org/W1984188616","https://openalex.org/W1992464264","https://openalex.org/W1996270415","https://openalex.org/W1996313586","https://openalex.org/W2003050478","https://openalex.org/W2004191665","https://openalex.org/W2009543015","https://openalex.org/W2009558273","https://openalex.org/W2012113959","https://openalex.org/W2014105519","https://openalex.org/W2018104094","https://openalex.org/W2020643382","https://openalex.org/W2021199792","https://openalex.org/W2037428143","https://openalex.org/W2048415690","https://openalex.org/W2048967663","https://openalex.org/W2051053756","https://openalex.org/W2051985875","https://openalex.org/W2054345661","https://openalex.org/W2058552290","https://openalex.org/W2060647728","https://openalex.org/W2061173653","https://openalex.org/W2062014735","https://openalex.org/W2063665456","https://openalex.org/W2064180936","https://openalex.org/W2071641877","https://openalex.org/W2075533792","https://openalex.org/W2082921088","https://openalex.org/W2086203635","https://openalex.org/W2089353847","https://openalex.org/W2092124336","https://openalex.org/W2093223772","https://openalex.org/W2101372172","https://openalex.org/W2102082735","https://openalex.org/W2110437909","https://openalex.org/W2115676373","https://openalex.org/W2122485372","https://openalex.org/W2129095014","https://openalex.org/W2133657285","https://openalex.org/W2135044553","https://openalex.org/W2141508287","https://openalex.org/W2141694565","https://openalex.org/W2142767511","https://openalex.org/W2144284196","https://openalex.org/W2157148954","https://openalex.org/W2158935955","https://openalex.org/W2160827217","https://openalex.org/W2161112352","https://openalex.org/W2164143771","https://openalex.org/W2165111556","https://openalex.org/W2170134990","https://openalex.org/W2176440295","https://openalex.org/W2195210213","https://openalex.org/W2209473211","https://openalex.org/W2325026080","https://openalex.org/W2325378327","https://openalex.org/W2420482383","https://openalex.org/W2469290693","https://openalex.org/W2471446943","https://openalex.org/W2614656695","https://openalex.org/W2755040532","https://openalex.org/W2783943822","https://openalex.org/W2796695558","https://openalex.org/W2898526496","https://openalex.org/W2911520196","https://openalex.org/W2914324893","https://openalex.org/W2977059881","https://openalex.org/W2995657756","https://openalex.org/W3080201170","https://openalex.org/W3083545221","https://openalex.org/W3083653182","https://openalex.org/W3089750375","https://openalex.org/W3092530936","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3166575381","https://openalex.org/W3178760812","https://openalex.org/W3209773063","https://openalex.org/W4200434333","https://openalex.org/W4246871560","https://openalex.org/W4280582556","https://openalex.org/W4292494081","https://openalex.org/W4309551136","https://openalex.org/W4316927996","https://openalex.org/W4322626871","https://openalex.org/W4362669480","https://openalex.org/W4380481344","https://openalex.org/W4385477904","https://openalex.org/W4388366284","https://openalex.org/W4401716627","https://openalex.org/W4406469973","https://openalex.org/W4406721429","https://openalex.org/W4407079624","https://openalex.org/W4407583614","https://openalex.org/W4410075518","https://openalex.org/W4411779877","https://openalex.org/W7118341275","https://openalex.org/W7118423161","https://openalex.org/W7128296248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012113959","https://openalex.org/W6967911079","https://openalex.org/W2898526496","https://openalex.org/W6968056182","https://openalex.org/W4407079624","https://openalex.org/W4200218196","https://openalex.org/W4280582556","https://openalex.org/W3089750375","https://openalex.org/W2142767511","https://openalex.org/W2175318024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Animals":[1],"often":[2],"attempt":[3],"to":[4,65,213,221],"resolve":[5],"the":[6,25,82,121,177,204,223,270],"trade-off":[7],"between":[8,211,225],"foraging":[9],"and":[10,17,24,37,55,76,101,160,170,227,245,251,288,307],"predation":[11],"by":[12,20,49,190],"regulating":[13],"their":[14,303],"activity":[15,30,67,85,108],"timings":[16,100],"patterns.":[18,277],"Driven":[19],"individual":[21],"energetic":[22],"requirements":[23],"local":[26,104,259],"environment,":[27],"onset":[28,86],"of":[29,52,84,95,103,118,125,183,206,272,283],"in":[31,139,194,216,231,275,285,295],"a":[32,45,74,77,88,92,116,130,142,147,185,191],"species":[33,114,151,294],"varies":[34],"across":[35,113,141,152,168,176,237],"space":[36],"time.":[38],"These":[39],"differences":[40],"are":[41],"particularly":[42],"enhanced":[43],"on":[44,73,106,129,279],"latitudinal":[46,143],"gradient,":[47,144],"influenced":[48],"varying":[50],"lengths":[51],"daylight,":[53],"temperature":[54],"seasonality.":[56],"For":[57],"nocturnal":[58],"mammals":[59],"like":[60],"bats,":[61],"such":[62],"patterns":[63,138,282],"translate":[64],"shorter":[66],"windows":[68],"at":[69,165,197,233],"higher":[70,198],"latitudes,":[71],"both":[72],"nightly":[75],"seasonal":[78],"basis.":[79],"This":[80,229],"constructs":[81],"timing":[83,159],"as":[87],"crucial":[89],"variable":[90],"for":[91],"successful":[93],"night":[94],"foraging.":[96],"While":[97],"roost":[98,195],"exit":[99,166,196,263,281],"influence":[102],"conditions":[105,260],"bat":[107],"have":[109],"been":[110],"extensively":[111],"studied":[112],"inhabiting":[115],"variety":[117],"locations":[119,296],"around":[120],"world,":[122],"our":[123,254],"understanding":[124],"bats\u2019":[126],"emergence":[127,137,234,276],"behaviour":[128],"global":[131],"scale":[132],"remains":[133],"limited.":[134],"To":[135],"investigate":[136],"bats":[140,175,215,284],"we":[145,291],"conducted":[146],"meta-analysis":[148],"spanning":[149],"92":[150],"13":[153],"Chiropteran":[154],"families.":[155],"We":[156],"evaluated":[157],"how":[158],"luminosity":[161],"(i.e.,":[162],"sun":[163],"altitude)":[164],"varied":[167],"latitudes":[169],"species.":[171],"Results":[172],"revealed":[173],"that":[174,187,257,293],"globe":[178],"emerged":[179,301],"under":[180,308],"conserved":[181],"thresholds":[182],"brightness,":[184],"pattern":[186,230],"was":[188,235,267],"facilitated":[189],"temporal":[192],"delay":[193],"latitudes.":[199],"By":[200],"maintaining":[201],"emergences":[202],"within":[203],"confines":[205],"nautical":[207],"twilight":[208],"(sun":[209],"altitude":[210],"0\u00b0":[212],"-12\u00b0),":[214],"known":[217,299],"predatory":[218],"environments":[219],"appear":[220],"balance":[222],"dilemma":[224],"risk":[226],"food.":[228],"brightness":[232],"mirrored":[236],"different":[238],"social":[239],"structures":[240],"(maternal":[241],"v.":[242],"non-maternal":[243],"colonies)":[244],"two":[246],"broad":[247],"dietary":[248],"types":[249],"(frugivores":[250],"insectivores).":[252],"Furthermore,":[253],"models":[255],"indicated":[256],"while":[258],"dictate":[261],"final":[262],"decisions,":[264],"shared":[265],"ancestry":[266],"potentially":[268],"influencing":[269],"extent":[271],"plasticity":[273],"seen":[274],"Lastly,":[278],"comparing":[280],"regions":[286],"with":[287],"without":[289,297],"predators,":[290],"found":[292],"any":[298],"predators":[300],"from":[302],"roosts":[304],"before":[305],"sunset,":[306],"consistently":[309],"brighter":[310],"conditions.":[311],"Graphical":[312],"abstract":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}