{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204479986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","title":"Bilayer mesoporous TiO2-based photoanodes: Bandgap engineering, charge transfer dynamics, and photoelectrochemical performance","display_name":"Bilayer mesoporous TiO2-based photoanodes: Bandgap engineering, charge transfer dynamics, and photoelectrochemical performance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204479986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319926039261/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319926039261/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044519210","display_name":"Cezar-Ionu\u021b Sp\u00eenu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-5505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-5505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cezar-Ionut Spinu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038256923","display_name":"Valentina Chivu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Chivu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016458142","display_name":"Nicoleta Cioater\u0103","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4700-4434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4700-4434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicoleta Cioatera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4700-4434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103929676","display_name":"Mariana Osiac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1540-7906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1540-7906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariana Osiac","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, A.I. Cuza no 13, Craiova, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, A.I. Cuza no 13, Craiova, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102501258","display_name":"Cristina Ioana Bucur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087521","display_name":"National Institute of Materials Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/002ghjd91","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087521"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Bucur","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, Magurele-Ilfov, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, Magurele-Ilfov, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082786450","display_name":"Livia-Andreea Dina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5621-2522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5621-2522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265937","display_name":"ICMET Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/01w96zs40","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265937"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Livia-Andreea Dina","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering, 118A Decebal Ave., Craiova, 200746, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5621-2522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering, 118A Decebal Ave., Craiova, 200746, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028543841","display_name":"Mihaela Mure\u015feanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-9941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-9941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mihaela Mureseanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea Bucuresti, 107i, Craiova, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016458142","https://openalex.org/A5028543841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"],"apc_list":{"value":3730,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3730},"apc_paid":{"value":3730,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3730},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47827568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"271","issue":null,"first_page":"157288","last_page":"157288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11877","display_name":"Iron oxide chemistry and applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoporous-tio2","display_name":"mesoporous TiO2","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap-tuning","display_name":"band gap tuning","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-transfer-dynamics","display_name":"charge transfer dynamics","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoelectrochemical-performance","display_name":"photoelectrochemical performance","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ce3-ce4-redox-couple","display_name":"Ce3+/Ce4+ redox couple","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-hydrogen-production","display_name":"solar hydrogen production","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-activity-relationship","display_name":"structure-activity relationship","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-water-splitting","display_name":"solar water splitting","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7483000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82776694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380049","display_name":"Mesoporous material","level":3,"score":0.7444999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700","display_name":"Linear sweep voltammetry","level":5,"score":0.6783000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381567","display_name":"Photocurrent","level":2,"score":0.6758999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.6043000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175708663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140676511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964018","display_name":"Nanocrystalline material","level":2,"score":0.5726000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35590869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697332","display_name":"Water splitting","level":4,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205123","display_name":"Tin oxide","level":3,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192157962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243","display_name":"Bilayer","level":3,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777869211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647","display_name":"Cyclic voltammetry","level":4,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4814999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777959998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357222","display_name":"Photoelectrochemistry","level":4,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20744434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901332","display_name":"Photoelectrochemical cell","level":4,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123480859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900576","display_name":"Reversible hydrogen electrode","level":5,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777593239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193521","display_name":"Titanium dioxide","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780228366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069397","display_name":"Chemical bath deposition","level":3,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135473242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147614","display_name":"Oxygen evolution","level":4,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32737372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417718","display_name":"Indium tin oxide","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108655655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556699","display_name":"Solar fuel","level":4,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319926039261/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157288","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319926039261/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44917312264442444}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204479986.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204479986.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998402784","https://openalex.org/W1999770319","https://openalex.org/W2011549175","https://openalex.org/W2012152529","https://openalex.org/W2021455148","https://openalex.org/W2026522866","https://openalex.org/W2031868091","https://openalex.org/W2041830511","https://openalex.org/W2046363359","https://openalex.org/W2051758448","https://openalex.org/W2083091661","https://openalex.org/W2092492961","https://openalex.org/W2146047707","https://openalex.org/W2147279486","https://openalex.org/W2154001996","https://openalex.org/W2168366255","https://openalex.org/W2254946102","https://openalex.org/W2318582207","https://openalex.org/W2329924880","https://openalex.org/W2331186289","https://openalex.org/W2332484971","https://openalex.org/W2335730332","https://openalex.org/W2341836305","https://openalex.org/W2507657534","https://openalex.org/W2550687066","https://openalex.org/W2610817603","https://openalex.org/W2735713725","https://openalex.org/W2746343082","https://openalex.org/W2763132385","https://openalex.org/W2789751332","https://openalex.org/W2791819014","https://openalex.org/W2792097808","https://openalex.org/W2795363168","https://openalex.org/W2888913996","https://openalex.org/W2894023912","https://openalex.org/W2895474808","https://openalex.org/W2898122004","https://openalex.org/W2910327766","https://openalex.org/W2921772913","https://openalex.org/W2941749432","https://openalex.org/W3093456084","https://openalex.org/W3182078248","https://openalex.org/W4206248810","https://openalex.org/W4206402463","https://openalex.org/W4210263278","https://openalex.org/W4235574122","https://openalex.org/W4289847509","https://openalex.org/W4294280961","https://openalex.org/W4309551937","https://openalex.org/W4316468325","https://openalex.org/W4320738460","https://openalex.org/W4323031069","https://openalex.org/W4365147952","https://openalex.org/W4377141660","https://openalex.org/W4377826676","https://openalex.org/W4383874175","https://openalex.org/W4386461707","https://openalex.org/W4386799750","https://openalex.org/W4395037719","https://openalex.org/W4399726197","https://openalex.org/W4400312084","https://openalex.org/W4402668833","https://openalex.org/W4402691091","https://openalex.org/W4404874764","https://openalex.org/W4410114265","https://openalex.org/W4411715776","https://openalex.org/W4413415969","https://openalex.org/W4414785306","https://openalex.org/W4415071103","https://openalex.org/W4415541449","https://openalex.org/W4416105282","https://openalex.org/W4416411417","https://openalex.org/W7146997471"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bilayer":[0],"photoanode":[1,138],"thin":[2],"films":[3],"were":[4,52],"fabricated":[5],"on":[6,99],"fluorine-doped":[7],"tin":[8],"oxide":[9],"(FTO)":[10],"glass":[11],"by":[12,55],"sequential":[13],"sol-gel":[14],"deposition":[15],"of":[16,34,48,87,119],"a":[17,24,157,175],"nanocrystalline":[18],"TiO":[19,27,88,181],"2":[20,28,89,182],"bottom":[21],"layer":[22,30],"and":[23,36,45,63,74,83,92,169,188],"mesoporous":[25,90],"Ce-modified":[26,104,180],"top":[29],"with":[31],"Ce":[32,93,121,164],"loadings":[33],"2.5":[35],"5":[37],"wt":[38],"percent":[39],"(wt%).":[40],"The":[41],"structural,":[42],"optical,":[43],"electronic":[44],"photoelectrochemical":[46,189],"properties":[47],"the":[49,85,100,120,131,136,162,170],"resulting":[50],"electrodes":[51],"systematically":[53],"characterized":[54],"scanning":[56],"electron":[57],"microscopy":[58],"(SEM),":[59],"ultraviolet\u2013visible":[60],"(UV\u2013Vis)":[61],"spectroscopy,":[62],"X-ray":[64],"photoelectron":[65],"spectroscopy":[66,72],"(XPS),":[67],"Mott-Schottky":[68],"analysis,":[69],"electrochemical":[70],"impedance":[71],"(EIS)":[73],"linear":[75],"sweep":[76],"voltammetry":[77],"(LSV)":[78],"under":[79],"simulated":[80],"solar":[81],"illumination":[82],"evidenced":[84],"role":[86],"structure":[91],"3+":[94,122,165],"/Ce":[95,123,166],"4+":[96,124,167],"surface":[97],"ratio":[98,168],"enhanced":[101],"photovoltaic":[102],"performance.":[103],"photoanodes":[105,183],"exhibited":[106],"pronounced":[107],"relative":[108],"photocurrent":[109],"gains":[110],"(239\u2013966%)":[111],"upon":[112],"acetate":[113],"addition,":[114],"reflecting":[115],"an":[116],"electrolyte-selective":[117],"response":[118],"redox":[125],"couple.":[126],"However,":[127],"in":[128,184],"absolute":[129],"terms":[130],"undoped":[132],"TGP":[133],"electrode":[134],"remained":[135],"best-performing":[137],"(Jsc":[139],"=":[140,148],"303.8":[141],"\u03bcA":[142],"cm":[143,151],"\u22122":[144,152],",":[145],"P":[146],"max":[147],"329.7":[149],"\u03bcW":[150],").":[153],"These":[154],"findings":[155],"establish":[156],"quantitative":[158],"structure\u2013activity":[159],"relationship":[160],"between":[161],"XPS-determined":[163],"EIS-derived":[171],"charge-transfer":[172],"kinetics,":[173],"providing":[174],"rational":[176],"design":[177],"framework":[178],"for":[179],"solar-driven":[185],"hydrogen":[186],"production":[187],"biomass":[190],"valorization":[191],"applications.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}