{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204457784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","title":"Phase Direction after Unfolding and the Emergence of Discrete Charge Ratios","display_name":"Phase Direction after Unfolding and the Emergence of Discrete Charge Ratios","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204457784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138611761","display_name":"J. San Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Park, J. San","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4448-3240","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5138611761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.8314999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.8314999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.12770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-charge","display_name":"fractional charge","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.7558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7534000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5367000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987423054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Relative phase","level":3,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22843809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22843809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22843809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,114],"study":[1,70],"examines":[2,72],"whether":[3],"discrete":[4,135],"electric-charge":[5],"ratios":[6,45,64],"can":[7,77,101],"emerge":[8],"from":[9,20],"the":[10,25,59],"directional":[11,28,75,96,107,144],"configuration":[12],"of":[13],"phase":[14,23,133],"components":[15],"after":[16],"Phase":[17],"Unfolding.":[18],"Starting":[19],"a":[21,32,98,118,147],"closed":[22,112],"structure,":[24],"analysis":[26],"constructs":[27],"configurations":[29],"relative":[30],"to":[31,82],"common":[33],"progression":[34],"without":[35],"assigning":[36],"particle":[37],"charge":[38,63,86,136],"values":[39],"in":[40,66,109],"advance.":[41],"The":[42,69,129],"resulting":[43,130],"normalized":[44],"are":[46],"\u22121,":[47],"\u22122/3,":[48],"\u22121/3,":[49],"0,":[50],"+1/3,":[51],"+2/3,":[52],"and":[53,61,84,95,142],"+1,":[54],"which":[55],"coincide":[56],"numerically":[57],"with":[58],"integer":[60],"fractional":[62,74],"observed":[65],"elementary":[67],"particles.":[68],"further":[71],"how":[73],"states":[76],"form":[78],"shared":[79],"closures":[80],"corresponding":[81],"proton-type":[83],"neutron-type":[85],"compositions.":[87],"A":[88],"central":[89],"distinction":[90],"emerges":[91],"between":[92,124],"positional":[93,103,138],"closure":[94],"neutrality:":[97],"composite":[99,127,140],"structure":[100],"establish":[102],"stability":[104],"while":[105],"retaining":[106],"organization":[108,145],"its":[110],"outer":[111],"regions.":[113],"remaining":[115,143],"directionality":[116],"provides":[117],"possible":[119],"geometric":[120],"basis":[121],"for":[122],"relations":[123],"already":[125],"stabilized":[126],"structures.":[128],"framework":[131],"connects":[132],"direction,":[134],"ratios,":[137],"closure,":[139],"formation,":[141],"within":[146],"single":[148],"phase-unfolding":[149],"geometry.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}
