{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204457540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","title":"Monkeypox Virus Surveillance in Wastewater, North Carolina, USA, October 2023\u2013May 2025","display_name":"Monkeypox Virus Surveillance in Wastewater, North Carolina, USA, October 2023\u2013May 2025","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204457540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42747820","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13585670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3201/eid3213.260414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189281586","display_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","issn_l":"1080-6040","issn":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315581","host_organization_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009980910","display_name":"Nicole L. Snyder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2508-4090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2508-4090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicole L. Snyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068488617","display_name":"Thomas J. Clerkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-8266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-8266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Clerkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028984508","display_name":"Sarah H. Koenigsberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-5552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-5552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah H. Koenigsberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148446013","display_name":"Mara B. Tate","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mara B. Tate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092404574","display_name":"Ty Lautenschlager","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ty L. Lautenschlager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114092359","display_name":"Justin Albertson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Albertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128462389","display_name":"Emma Doran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma L. Doran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071494667","display_name":"Erica F. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-0972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-0972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erica F. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003557457","display_name":"Rachel T. Noble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-8312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-8312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel T. Noble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017351533","display_name":"Virginia T. Guidry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-6279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-6279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginia T. Guidry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039442091","display_name":"Ariel R. Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-1475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-1475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289992829","display_name":"NC Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0293qmt12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289992829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134062","display_name":"North Carolina Division of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/034t5cp02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel R. Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (N.L. Snyder, S.H. Koenigsberg, M.B. Tate, T.L. Lautenschlager, J. Albertson, E.L. Doran, E.F. Wilson, V.T. Guidry, A.R. Christensen); Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (T. Clerkin, R.T. Noble); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.T. Noble)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009980910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1289992829","https://openalex.org/I4210134062"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"13","first_page":"93","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11767","display_name":"Poxvirus research and outbreaks","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11767","display_name":"Poxvirus research and outbreaks","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mpox","display_name":"monkeypox","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monkeypox-virus","display_name":"monkeypox virus","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-surveillance","display_name":"wastewater surveillance","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-based-epidemiology","display_name":"wastewater-based epidemiology","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment-plants","display_name":"wastewater treatment plants","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewersheds","display_name":"sewersheds","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mpox-transmission","display_name":"mpox transmission","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-carolina","display_name":"North Carolina","score":0.9449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7821999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778011067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382370","display_name":"Monkeypox","level":5,"score":0.7681999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776866189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158856","display_name":"West Nile virus","level":3,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779094796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740335","display_name":"Orthopoxvirus","level":5,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992243407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525512","display_name":"Disease transmission","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777510210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331256","display_name":"Flaviviridae","level":4,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776361769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821775","display_name":"Public health surveillance","level":3,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909982947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282130","display_name":"Disease reservoir","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910389767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519796","display_name":"Enterovirus Infections","level":4,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62558387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821775","display_name":"Epidemiological surveillance","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781463415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2082778","display_name":"Hepacivirus","level":4,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009657","descriptor_name":"North Carolina","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011213","descriptor_name":"Poxviridae Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011213","descriptor_name":"Poxviridae Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062065","descriptor_name":"Wastewater","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3201/eid3213.260414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189281586","display_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","issn_l":"1080-6040","issn":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315581","host_organization_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13585670","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13585670/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13585670/pdf/26-0414.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerg Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42747820","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42747820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2bca4638645e45da805f56b9dd64a761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bca4638645e45da805f56b9dd64a761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 32, Iss 13, Pp 93-99 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3201/eid3213.260414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3213.260414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189281586","display_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","issn_l":"1080-6040","issn":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315581","host_organization_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7778000235557556,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204457540.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204457540.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2799583571","https://openalex.org/W4210738621","https://openalex.org/W4236263036","https://openalex.org/W4317354842","https://openalex.org/W4377694744","https://openalex.org/W4385753665","https://openalex.org/W4385827438","https://openalex.org/W4388967285","https://openalex.org/W4390972992","https://openalex.org/W4393321674","https://openalex.org/W4396744122","https://openalex.org/W4398174659","https://openalex.org/W4407904169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390972992","https://openalex.org/W4407904169","https://openalex.org/W4400644904","https://openalex.org/W4295030490","https://openalex.org/W7165629173","https://openalex.org/W4404296808","https://openalex.org/W4378672914","https://openalex.org/W7150910880","https://openalex.org/W4377694744","https://openalex.org/W4394982136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"September":[1],"2023,":[2],"the":[3,23,82,124],"North":[4],"Carolina":[5],"Department":[6],"of":[7,16,48,80,84,126],"Health":[8],"and":[9,68,112],"Human":[10],"Services":[11],"identified":[12],"a":[13,46,75,91],"new":[14],"case":[15,89],"mpox":[17,88],"clade":[18],"II":[19],"5":[20],"months":[21],"after":[22],"last":[24],"previous":[25],"report.":[26],"To":[27],"assess":[28],"possible":[29],"unrecognized":[30],"transmission,":[31],"nonvariola":[32],"orthopoxvirus":[33],"testing":[34],"was":[35,93,99,107,116],"implemented":[36],"at":[37],"select":[38],"wastewater":[39,63,134],"sites.":[40],"During":[41],"October":[42],"29,":[43],"2023-May":[44],"2025,":[45],"total":[47],"801":[49],"samples":[50],"were":[51],"collected":[52],"across":[53],"16":[54],"treatment":[55],"plants":[56],"serving":[57],"\u22482":[58],"million":[59],"residents.":[60],"We":[61],"analyzed":[62],"detections":[64,122],"(n":[65,71],"=":[66,72],"47)":[67],"clinical":[69],"cases":[70],"45)":[73],"using":[74],"+17-day":[76],"window.":[77],"Overall":[78],"sensitivity":[79,129,138],"identifying":[81],"presence":[83],">1":[85],"temporally":[86],"aligned":[87],"within":[90],"sewershed":[92],"10.6%":[94],"(95%":[95,101,109,118],"CI":[96,102,110,119],"6.5%-16.7%);":[97],"specificity":[98],"95.1%":[100],"93.2%-96.5%),":[103],"positive":[104],"predictive":[105,114],"value":[106,115],"31.9%":[108],"20.4%-46.2%),":[111],"negative":[113],"83.2%":[117],"80.3%-85.7%).":[120],"Restricting":[121],"above":[123],"limit":[125],"detection":[127],"reduced":[128],"but":[130,139],"increased":[131],"specificity.":[132],"Overall,":[133],"surveillance":[135],"showed":[136],"low":[137],"provided":[140],"complementary":[141],"awareness":[142],"for":[143],"public":[144],"health":[145],"response.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}