{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204457515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","title":"Optimizing Ammonia Co-Firing with Coal, Biomass and Ammonia Using Response Surface Methodology for Emission reduction","display_name":"Optimizing Ammonia Co-Firing with Coal, Biomass and Ammonia Using Response Surface Methodology for Emission reduction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204457515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000336061","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Mayoral Chavando","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165014","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Portalegre","ror":"https://ror.org/05vnksv67","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chavando, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Mayoral","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Aveiro","Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre","Universidade de Lisboa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Aveiro","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141001857","display_name":"Valter Bruno Silva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165014","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Portalegre","ror":"https://ror.org/05vnksv67","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silva, Valter Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Aveiro","Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Aveiro","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148455714","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Sousa Cardoso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165014","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Portalegre","ror":"https://ror.org/05vnksv67","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cardoso, Jo\u00e3o Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre","Universidade de Lisboa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075344012","display_name":"Daniela Eus\u00e9bio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165014","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Portalegre","ror":"https://ror.org/05vnksv67","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eusebio, Daniela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12271","display_name":"Renewable energy and sustainable power systems","score":0.2425999939441681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12271","display_name":"Renewable energy and sustainable power systems","score":0.2425999939441681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.17710000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13584","display_name":"Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing","score":0.12080000340938568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-co-firing","display_name":"ammonia co-firing","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emission-reduction","display_name":"CO2 emission reduction","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-emissions","display_name":"NOx emissions","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-slip","display_name":"ammonia slip","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.8180000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.7301999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.7190999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.65829998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxide","level":4,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181258405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3961934","display_name":"Ammonia production","level":3,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993319417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal fired","level":3,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019684712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280635","display_name":"Displacement method","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019581552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxides","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194439259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3273339","display_name":"Syngas","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777573673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905750","display_name":"Nitrous oxide","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512735826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025","display_name":"Carbon monoxide","level":3,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22127224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22127224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3401548271","display_name":"Enzymatic CO2 Capture in a Rotating Packed Bed and Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Useful Products","funder_award_id":"101172954","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412453347","https://openalex.org/W4399410192","https://openalex.org/W4412434085","https://openalex.org/W7128190170","https://openalex.org/W7164333396","https://openalex.org/W4413794948","https://openalex.org/W7213618004","https://openalex.org/W4402598922","https://openalex.org/W7168482898","https://openalex.org/W4293252860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,164],"study":[1],"employs":[2],"Design":[3],"of":[4,23,67,120,155,188,193,200,212],"Experiments":[5],"(DoE),":[6],"specifically":[7],"Response":[8],"Surface":[9],"Methodology":[10],"(RSM)":[11],"with":[12,25,98,114,135],"a":[13,167,221],"mixture":[14],"design,":[15,219],"to":[16,38,175],"systematically":[17],"investigate":[18],"and":[19,27,56,72,85,100,161,183,203],"optimize":[20],"the":[21,65,107,194,198,210],"co-firing":[22],"ammonia":[24,57,73,116,136],"coal":[26,68,99,177],"biomass":[28,70,101],"in":[29,171],"existing":[30,227],"power":[31,229],"generation":[32],"infrastructure.":[33],"The":[34,186],"primary":[35,108],"objective":[36],"is":[37],"identify":[39],"optimal":[40,152,204],"fuel":[41,83,104,153],"blending":[42,145],"ratios":[43,146],"that":[44],"minimize":[45],"carbon":[46],"dioxide":[47],"(CO\u2082)":[48],"emissions":[49,89,112,173],"while":[50],"controlling":[51],"nitrogen":[52],"oxide":[53],"(NO)":[54],"formation":[55],"(NH\u2083)":[58],"slip.":[59,185],"Ten":[60],"runs":[61],"were":[62,90],"considered,":[63],"varying":[64],"proportions":[66],"(30-70%),":[69],"(20-50%),":[71],"(0-40%).":[74],"Statistical":[75],"analysis":[76],"using":[77],"RSM":[78],"revealed":[79],"significant":[80],"relationships":[81],"between":[82],"composition":[84,165],"emission":[86],"characteristics.":[87],"CO\u2082":[88,172],"effectively":[91],"modeled":[92],"linearly,":[93],"demonstrating":[94],"strong":[95],"positive":[96],"correlations":[97],"content,":[102],"confirming":[103],"displacement":[105],"as":[106,220],"reduction":[109,129,170],"mechanism.":[110],"NO":[111,181],"decreased":[113],"increasing":[115],"(till":[117],"low":[118],"levels":[119,182],"10%)":[121],"share":[122],"under":[123],"selected":[124],"conditions,":[125],"suggesting":[126],"complex":[127],"NOx":[128],"pathways.":[130],"NH\u2083":[131,184],"slip":[132],"increased":[133],"predictably":[134],"input":[137],"but":[138],"remained":[139],"within":[140],"acceptable":[141],"limits":[142],"at":[143],"moderate":[144],"(10-20%).":[147],"Multi-objective":[148],"optimization":[149],"identified":[150],"an":[151],"blend":[154],"approximately":[156],"45%":[157],"coal,":[158],"35%":[159],"biomass,":[160],"20%":[162],"ammonia.":[163],"achieves":[166],"substantial":[168],"26.2%":[169],"compared":[174],"baseline":[176],"combustion,":[178],"alongside":[179],"manageable":[180],"application":[187],"DoE":[189],"facilitated":[190],"efficient":[191],"exploration":[192],"complexparameter":[195],"space,":[196],"enabling":[197],"identification":[199],"synergistic":[201],"effects":[202],"operating":[205],"windows.":[206],"These":[207],"findings":[208],"underscore":[209],"potential":[211],"ammonia-coal-biomass":[213],"co-firing,":[214],"optimized":[215],"through":[216],"systematic":[217],"experimental":[218],"viable":[222],"transitional":[223],"strategy":[224],"for":[225],"decarbonizing":[226],"coal-fired":[228],"plants.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}