{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204457093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","title":"Projected ecosystem responses to environmental changes associated with offshore wind farms and ocean warming","display_name":"Projected ecosystem responses to environmental changes associated with offshore wind farms and ocean warming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204457093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747227.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747227.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000308150","display_name":"Bass Dye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-353X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-353X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107283","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gntjh03","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4210107283","https://openalex.org/I4405262988"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bass Dye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, 1790 AB, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-353X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, 1790 AB, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084531619","display_name":"Myron A. Peck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-1854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-1854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107283","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gntjh03","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4210107283","https://openalex.org/I4405262988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myron A. Peck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Sciences, Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AH, The Netherlands","Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, 1790 AB, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-1854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Sciences, Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AH, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, 1790 AB, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038072978","display_name":"Johan van der Molen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-479X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-479X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107283","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gntjh03","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4210107283","https://openalex.org/I4405262988"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan van der Molen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, 1790 AB, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-479X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, 1790 AB, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107283"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000308150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107283"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.18209999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10765","display_name":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","score":0.038100000470876694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-wind-farms","display_name":"offshore wind farms","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-warming","display_name":"ocean warming","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-forcing","display_name":"wind forcing","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"sea surface temperature","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-stratification","display_name":"seasonal stratification","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-responses","display_name":"ecosystem responses","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-sea","display_name":"North Sea","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7792999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8735168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61637704","display_name":"Offshore wind power","level":3,"score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.5072000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16989226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934857","display_name":"Environmental change","level":3,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151152651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3304561","display_name":"Marine ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64107356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295046","display_name":"Ecosystem model","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23579818","display_name":"Cumulative effects","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780893879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308372","display_name":"Regime shift","level":3,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100858432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8024052","display_name":"Wind stress","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192943249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893382","display_name":"Stratification (seeds)","level":5,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747227.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.747227","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.747227.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3990393904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-2027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","funder_display_name":"Interreg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5142484156","display_name":"Chemical emissions from offshore wind farms: assessing impacts, gaps and opportunities (ANEMOI).","funder_award_id":"41-2-13-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","funder_display_name":"Vlaamse regering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6016035968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41-2-13-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7504777710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41-2-13-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","funder_display_name":"Interreg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7799207878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021\u20132027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324684","display_name":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee","ror":"https://ror.org/01gntjh03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337251","display_name":"Instituut voor Landbouw-, Visserij- en Voedingsonderzoek, Vlaamse Overheid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204457093.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204457093.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220768317","https://openalex.org/W3110457156","https://openalex.org/W2600255787","https://openalex.org/W7212239787","https://openalex.org/W4408816507","https://openalex.org/W4414166340","https://openalex.org/W4392603137","https://openalex.org/W4389610482","https://openalex.org/W7220851348","https://openalex.org/W4415992112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0,218],"Offshore":[1],"wind":[2,92,209],"farms":[3],"(OWFs)":[4],"are":[5,194],"rapidly":[6],"expanding":[7],"to":[8,18,33,59,63,108,170,188,215],"meet":[9],"growing":[10],"demands":[11],"for":[12],"renewable":[13],"energy,":[14],"with":[15,47,67,95],"development":[16,211],"expected":[17],"extend":[19],"further":[20],"offshore":[21,134,155,159],"into":[22],"deeper":[23,154,216],"waters.":[24],"Given":[25],"this":[26],"expanded":[27],"human":[28],"footprint,":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31],"important":[32],"better":[34],"understand":[35],"the":[36,53,122,145,153,158,177],"long-term":[37],"ecological":[38,203],"consequences":[39,204],"of":[40,77,85],"OWFs":[41,68],"and":[42,69,90,105,130,168,179,190],"how":[43],"these":[44],"may":[45,205],"interact":[46],"ongoing":[48],"climate":[49,70],"change.":[50],"We":[51],"used":[52],"coupled":[54],"hydrodynamic-ecosystem-biogeochemical":[55],"water-column":[56],"model":[57],"(GOTM-ERSEM-BFM)":[58],"investigate":[60],"ecosystem-wide":[61],"responses":[62,143,148,175,187],"environmental":[64,192,199],"changes":[65,161,193],"associated":[66],"warming.":[71],"Specifically,":[72],"we":[73],"examined":[74],"OWF-related":[75,189],"scenarios":[76,101,114],"reduced":[78,91],"benthic":[79],"suspension-feeding":[80],"activity,":[81],"representing":[82,125],"potential":[83,110],"effects":[84],"contaminant":[86],"emissions":[87],"from":[88,213],"OWFs,":[89],"forcing,":[93],"together":[94],"increased":[96],"sea":[97],"surface":[98,178],"temperature.":[99],"The":[100,136],"were":[102,115,149],"simulated":[103,116],"individually":[104],"in":[106,121,162,173],"combination":[107],"explore":[109],"interactive":[111],"effects.":[112],"These":[113],"at":[117,152],"two":[118],"contrasting":[119],"locations":[120],"North":[123],"Sea,":[124],"a":[126,131],"well-mixed":[127],"coastal":[128,137],"site":[129,138],"seasonally":[132],"stratified":[133],"site.":[135,156],"exhibited":[139],"comparatively":[140],"modest":[141],"ecosystem":[142,174,186],"across":[144],"scenarios,":[146],"whereas":[147],"generally":[150],"stronger":[151],"At":[157],"site,":[160],"stratification":[163],"altered":[164],"vertical":[165],"nutrient":[166],"dynamics":[167],"contributed":[169],"pronounced":[171],"differences":[172],"between":[176],"bottom":[180],"layers.":[181],"Our":[182],"results":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"that":[185,202],"climate-driven":[191],"strongly":[195],"dependent":[196],"on":[197],"local":[198],"conditions,":[200],"suggesting":[201],"differ":[206],"substantially":[207],"as":[208],"farm":[210],"expands":[212],"shallower":[214],"environments.":[217],"Figure":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}
