{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204456331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","title":"Maximizing Active Site Density in Tin Single\u2010Site Catalysts for Selective Carbon Dioxide to Formate Electroreduction","display_name":"Maximizing Active Site Density in Tin Single\u2010Site Catalysts for Selective Carbon Dioxide to Formate Electroreduction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204456331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42657480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.7872408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122049729","display_name":"Katharina Potemkin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Potemkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055513670","display_name":"Soressa Abera Chala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-0118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-0118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soressa Abera Chala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-0118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061126514","display_name":"Chia\u2010Yu Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4510-7923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4510-7923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia\u2010Yu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taipei Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taipei Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048665495","display_name":"Keseven Lakshmanan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keseven Lakshmanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taipei Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taipei Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050652074","display_name":"Meng\u2010Che Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-866X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-866X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134793997","display_name":"National University of Tainan","ror":"https://ror.org/020pqc882","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134793997"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng\u2010Che Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Greenergy National University of Tainan  Tainan Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Greenergy National University of Tainan  Tainan Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134793997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098033078","display_name":"Tobias Rios\u2010Studer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Rios Studer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078109050","display_name":"Elnaz Ebrahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-7225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-7225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elnaz Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-7225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137279598","display_name":"Nico Achenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9516-9567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9516-9567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico Achenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9516-9567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089443613","display_name":"Rongji Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-2978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-2978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongji Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-2978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002418054","display_name":"Johannes Biskupek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-3200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-3200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Biskupek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Facility of Electron Microscopy For Materials Science Electron Microscopy Group of Material Science, Ulm University  Ulm Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-3200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Facility of Electron Microscopy For Materials Science Electron Microscopy Group of Material Science, Ulm University  Ulm Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017684207","display_name":"Ute A. Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ute Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Facility of Electron Microscopy For Materials Science Electron Microscopy Group of Material Science, Ulm University  Ulm Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Facility of Electron Microscopy For Materials Science Electron Microscopy Group of Material Science, Ulm University  Ulm Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030917995","display_name":"Bing\u2010Joe Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-2149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-2149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094216","display_name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00k575643","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094216","https://openalex.org/I4210128167"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Joe Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) Hsinchu Taiwan","Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taipei Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-2149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) Hsinchu Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taipei Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080329256","display_name":"Carsten Streb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-1905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-1905"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Streb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-1905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5510},"apc_paid":{"value":5510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5510},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48166567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"e7872408","last_page":"e7872408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11593","display_name":"Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-co2-reduction","display_name":"electrochemical CO2 reduction","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-site-density","display_name":"active site density","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordination-environment","display_name":"coordination environment","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanochemical-synthesis","display_name":"mechanochemical synthesis","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faradaic-efficiency","display_name":"Faradaic efficiency","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-stability","display_name":"catalyst stability","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-reactivity-relationships","display_name":"structure-reactivity relationships","score":0.7179999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.8274999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780178953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001841","display_name":"Formate","level":3,"score":0.8203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130349721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5434705","display_name":"Faraday efficiency","level":4,"score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096","display_name":"Tin","level":2,"score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5523999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118792377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108584245","display_name":"Selectivity","level":3,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779667129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129163","display_name":"Tin dioxide","level":2,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24596552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357976","display_name":"Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide","level":4,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41183919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423026","display_name":"Active site","level":3,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179366358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909212","display_name":"Metal-organic framework","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123480859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900576","display_name":"Reversible hydrogen electrode","level":5,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65024703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373406","display_name":"Reaction mechanism","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106773901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19588","display_name":"Transition metal","level":3,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105768512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7458208","display_name":"Reaction intermediate","level":3,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33989665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357962","display_name":"Electrocatalyst","level":4,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175583648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903156","display_name":"Heterogeneous catalysis","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2687999904155731}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.7872408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42657480","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42657480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.7872408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.7872408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2256513040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"114\u20102628\u2010E\u2010024\u2010001\u2010MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4959062918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"115\u20102923\u2010E\u2010011\u2010001\u2010MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668366526","https://openalex.org/W1931296418","https://openalex.org/W2004120506","https://openalex.org/W2070475277","https://openalex.org/W2312983667","https://openalex.org/W2507854244","https://openalex.org/W2573964255","https://openalex.org/W2624508105","https://openalex.org/W2782656943","https://openalex.org/W2888253280","https://openalex.org/W2916946178","https://openalex.org/W2947264857","https://openalex.org/W2998215827","https://openalex.org/W3000274487","https://openalex.org/W3048608014","https://openalex.org/W3093947945","https://openalex.org/W3095475868","https://openalex.org/W3152957857","https://openalex.org/W3160286960","https://openalex.org/W3165711864","https://openalex.org/W3175174914","https://openalex.org/W3201689294","https://openalex.org/W3209708003","https://openalex.org/W3216381323","https://openalex.org/W4210407942","https://openalex.org/W4224233405","https://openalex.org/W4232943519","https://openalex.org/W4237685984","https://openalex.org/W4237909850","https://openalex.org/W4252134841","https://openalex.org/W4252704113","https://openalex.org/W4281389886","https://openalex.org/W4281892810","https://openalex.org/W4289838665","https://openalex.org/W4292574069","https://openalex.org/W4300863043","https://openalex.org/W4300960264","https://openalex.org/W4307645508","https://openalex.org/W4315433496","https://openalex.org/W4321080528","https://openalex.org/W4323322702","https://openalex.org/W4361249508","https://openalex.org/W4366462956","https://openalex.org/W4379375594","https://openalex.org/W4380873513","https://openalex.org/W4383532297","https://openalex.org/W4385147428","https://openalex.org/W4386553139","https://openalex.org/W4388938476","https://openalex.org/W4389974986","https://openalex.org/W4391295739","https://openalex.org/W4400122511","https://openalex.org/W4400766652","https://openalex.org/W4403147101","https://openalex.org/W4411560013","https://openalex.org/W4412188635"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,142],"electrocatalytic":[2],"conversion":[3],"of":[4,38,53,137,156],"CO":[5,99,200],"2":[6,100,201],"into":[7],"value\u2010added":[8],"chemicals":[9],"is":[10],"governed":[11],"by":[12,121],"catalyst":[13,144],"structure\u2010reactivity":[14],"relationships":[15],"that":[16,111],"remain":[17],"incompletely":[18],"understood,":[19],"particularly":[20],"regarding":[21],"how":[22,93],"coordination":[23,80,114],"environment":[24,115],"and":[25,82,119,174,193,198],"active\u2010site":[26],"density":[27,107,136],"influence":[28],"product":[29],"selectivity.":[30],"Herein,":[31],"we":[32],"report":[33],"a":[34,89,152,162],"mechanochemically":[35],"assisted":[36],"synthesis":[37],"high\u2010density":[39],"tin":[40],"single\u2010site":[41,66,205],"catalysts,":[42],"in":[43,161],"which":[44],"atomically":[45],"dispersed":[46],"Sn":[47,65,140],"centers":[48],"are":[49],"stabilized":[50],"at":[51,168,182],"loadings":[52],"approximately":[54],"7.5":[55],"wt.%,":[56],"exceeding":[57],"the":[58,73,98,112,126,130,135],"typical":[59],"\u223c2":[60],"wt.%":[61],"limit":[62],"reported":[63],"for":[64,178,196],"systems":[67],"without":[68],"detectable":[69],"aggregation.":[70],"By":[71],"tailoring":[72],"nitrogen\u2010rich":[74],"precursor":[75],"chemistry,":[76],"catalysts":[77],"with":[78,106],"distinct":[79],"environments":[81],"controlled":[83],"site":[84],"densities":[85],"were":[86],"obtained,":[87],"providing":[88],"platform":[90],"to":[91],"elucidate":[92],"these":[94],"two":[95],"factors":[96],"govern":[97],"reduction":[101],"pathway.":[102],"Operando":[103],"spectroscopy":[104],"combined":[105],"functional":[108],"theory":[109],"reveals":[110],"local":[113],"governs":[116],"intrinsic":[117],"activity":[118],"selectivity":[120],"stabilizing":[122],"key":[123],"intermediates":[124],"along":[125],"*OCHO":[127],"pathway,":[128],"whereas":[129],"mechanochemical":[131],"process":[132],"primarily":[133],"enhances":[134],"electrochemically":[138],"accessible":[139],"sites.":[141],"optimized":[143],"achieves":[145],"formate":[146],"Faradaic":[147],"efficiencies":[148],"above":[149],"90%":[150],"over":[151,179],"wide":[153],"current\u2010density":[154],"range":[155],"50\u2013500":[157],"mA":[158,170,184],"cm":[159,171,185],"\u22122":[160,172,186],"gas\u2010fed":[163],"flow":[164],"cell,":[165],"reaching":[166],"92.5%":[167],"100":[169,180,183],",":[173],"maintains":[175],"stable":[176],"operation":[177],"h":[181],".":[187],"This":[188],"work":[189],"provides":[190],"mechanistic":[191],"insights":[192],"design":[194],"principles":[195],"selective":[197],"high\u2010rate":[199],"electroreduction":[202],"based":[203],"on":[204],"catalysts.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}