{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204454919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","title":"Guardians of our Rivers: transforming river health assessment through macroinvertebrate monitoring with citizen scientists","display_name":"Guardians of our Rivers: transforming river health assessment through macroinvertebrate monitoring with citizen scientists","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204454919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.739408.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.739408.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148446212","display_name":"Rebecca Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5226-4336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5226-4336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102698","display_name":"Buglife","ror":"https://ror.org/017mxs556","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102698"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Buglife \u2013 The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Unit 4, Beta Centre, Stirling University Innovation Park, United Kingdom, FK9 4NF","Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TH","School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary\u2019s Quadrangle, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9JP"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5226-4336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Buglife \u2013 The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Unit 4, Beta Centre, Stirling University Innovation Park, United Kingdom, FK9 4NF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary\u2019s Quadrangle, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069604978","display_name":"Kerry Dodd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102698","display_name":"Buglife","ror":"https://ror.org/017mxs556","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102698"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerry Dodd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Buglife \u2013 The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Unit 4, Beta Centre, Stirling University Innovation Park, United Kingdom, FK9 4NF"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Buglife \u2013 The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Unit 4, Beta Centre, Stirling University Innovation Park, United Kingdom, FK9 4NF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048409452","display_name":"Craig R. Macadam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-1981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-1981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102698","display_name":"Buglife","ror":"https://ror.org/017mxs556","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102698"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Macadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Buglife \u2013 The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Unit 4, Beta Centre, Stirling University Innovation Park, United Kingdom, FK9 4NF"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-1981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Buglife \u2013 The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Unit 4, Beta Centre, Stirling University Innovation Park, United Kingdom, FK9 4NF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112825697","display_name":"Iain Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5290-608X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5290-608X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iain Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TH"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5290-608X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090090741","display_name":"Stefan R. Pulver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-7522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-7522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan R. Pulver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TH","Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9JP","School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary\u2019s Quadrangle, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9JP"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-7522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary\u2019s Quadrangle, St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148446212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326","https://openalex.org/I4210102698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science","display_name":"citizen science","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/river-health-assessment","display_name":"river health assessment","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroinvertebrates","display_name":"macroinvertebrates","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-biodiversity-monitoring","display_name":"freshwater biodiversity monitoring","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigger-threshold","display_name":"trigger threshold","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-warning-systems","display_name":"early warning systems","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-conservation","display_name":"freshwater conservation","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197352329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434","display_name":"Citizen science","level":2,"score":0.8305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.6247000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.6137999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.5367000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140367703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295843","display_name":"Ecological health","level":3,"score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141818822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011699","display_name":"Ecosystem health","level":4,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46685645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890135","display_name":"Freshwater ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780815959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18390984","display_name":"Monitoring and evaluation","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175327387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3289906","display_name":"Aquatic ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776356880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381206","display_name":"Environmental data","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129934472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578576","display_name":"River ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777060688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386426","display_name":"Natural heritage","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6330744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3481436","display_name":"Habitat conservation","level":3,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.739408.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.739408","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/27/2026.08.26.739408.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.9090999960899353},{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315154","display_name":"Scottish Natural Heritage","ror":"https://ror.org/01t6g8w08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315705","display_name":"River Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00wgkqx32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320278","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329382","display_name":"National Lottery Heritage Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03y9v4j03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204454919.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204454919.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087353494","https://openalex.org/W4407406200","https://openalex.org/W4385493901","https://openalex.org/W7203845954","https://openalex.org/W2963408607","https://openalex.org/W6907601409","https://openalex.org/W2185520485","https://openalex.org/W3024568608","https://openalex.org/W2937282360","https://openalex.org/W4416752656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Freshwater":[1],"ecosystems":[2,370],"in":[3,32,201,204,413,496,532,584],"Scotland":[4,356,380],"are":[5,24,71,371,489],"increasingly":[6],"threatened":[7],"by":[8,125,436,484],"multiple":[9],"interacting":[10],"stressors,":[11],"including":[12],"pollution,":[13],"hydrological":[14],"alteration,":[15],"land":[16],"use":[17],"change,":[18],"and":[19,30,41,55,76,98,131,145,165,181,192,216,232,253,265,281,327,337,387,433,440,443,461,472,530,535,564,570,587],"climate-driven":[20],"pressures.":[21,234],"Scotland\u2019s":[22],"rivers":[23,364,386],"amongst":[25],"the":[26,33,38,95,118,126,150,220,240,245,297,314,339,360,402,465,545,585],"most":[27],"physically":[28],"diverse":[29,173],"dynamic":[31],"UK,":[34],"contributing":[35,321],"significantly":[36],"to":[37,88,227,248,286,306,322,333,395,408,457,480,491,494,527,539],"country\u2019s":[39],"economy":[40],"natural":[42],"heritage.":[43],"Monitoring":[44,121],"125,000":[45],"km":[46],"of":[47,57,100,102,154,177,210,239,342,362,378,385,404,429,512],"waterways":[48],"presents":[49],"an":[50,61,382],"issue,":[51],"with":[52,296,441,464,516,522],"limited":[53],"funding":[54],"capacity":[56,247],"environmental":[58,62,90,459],"agencies":[59,394],"creating":[60,389,509],"monitoring":[63,141,157,398,425,507,518,562],"deficit":[64],"at":[65,365,505],"a":[66,83,106,185,283,293,366,376,390,421,510,576],"time":[67,367],"when":[68,368],"robust":[69,449,558],"data":[70,170,225,310,451,533],"essential":[72,332],"for":[73,188,392,547],"delivering":[74],"national":[75,211,422],"global":[77],"biodiversity":[78],"targets.":[79],"Citizen":[80],"science":[81,109,268,317,424,555],"offers":[82],"scalable,":[84],"community":[85],"driven":[86],"approach":[87],"strengthening":[89],"evidence.":[91],"This":[92],"study":[93,238],"evaluates":[94],"development,":[96],"implementation,":[97],"outcomes":[99],"Guardians":[101,428],"our":[103,410,430],"Rivers":[104,431],"(GooR),":[105],"nationwide":[107],"citizen":[108,267,316,423,537,554],"programme":[110],"using":[111],"macroinvertebrate-based":[112],"river":[113,288,453,482],"health":[114,361,483],"assessments":[115],"based":[116],"on":[117],"Anglers\u2019":[119],"Riverfly":[120,127],"Initiative":[122],"(RMI)":[123],"established":[124,139,525],"Partnership.":[128],"Between":[129,470],"2022":[130,471],"2025,":[132],"GooR":[133,261,291],"trained":[134],"more":[135,474],"than":[136,475],"850":[137,476],"volunteers,":[138],"123":[140,506],"sites":[142],"across":[143,172,219,355],"Scotland,":[144],"generated":[146],"over":[147,258],"860":[148,500],"surveys\u2014surpassing":[149],"previous":[151],"16":[152],"years":[153],"aquatic":[155],"invertebrate":[156],"efforts.":[158],"Standardised":[159],"field":[160],"training,":[161],"full":[162,340],"equipment":[163],"provision,":[164],"structured":[166],"support":[167,329],"enabled":[168],"high-quality":[169],"collection":[171,534],"catchments.":[174],"The":[175],"establishment":[176],"nationally":[178],"applied":[179],"trigger":[180,196],"target":[182],"thresholds":[183],"created":[184,420],"consistent":[186],"mechanism":[187],"detecting":[189],"ecological":[190,215,256],"deterioration":[191],"ensured":[193],"that":[194,303,400,435,488,579],"verified":[195],"breaches":[197],"(n":[198],"=":[199],"39":[200],"2025)":[202],"resulted":[203],"formal":[205],"investigation":[206],"or":[207],"follow-up.":[208],"Analysis":[209],"abundance":[212],"patterns":[213],"revealed":[214],"biogeographic":[217],"trends":[218],"eight":[221],"RMI":[222],"taxa,":[223],"confirming":[224],"sensitivity":[226],"habitat":[228],"differences,":[229],"water":[230,411,497],"quality,":[231],"regional":[233],"A":[235],"detailed":[236],"case":[237],"Lothian":[241],"Esk":[242],"catchment":[243],"demonstrated":[244],"programme\u2019s":[246],"detect":[249],"seasonal":[250],"macroinvertebrate":[251],"dynamics":[252],"site":[254],"level":[255,403,511],"trajectories":[257],"time.":[259],"Overall,":[260],"illustrates":[262],"how":[263,353,479,553],"well-designed":[264],"well-supported":[266],"can":[269,357,447,543,556],"deliver":[270],"high":[271],"resolution":[272],"spatiotemporal":[273],"datasets,":[274],"enhance":[275],"early":[276],"warning":[277],"systems,":[278],"empower":[279,536],"communities,":[280],"make":[282],"meaningful":[284],"contribution":[285],"promoting":[287],"health.":[289,415],"Importantly,":[290],"forged":[292],"working":[294],"partnership":[295],"Scottish":[298],"Environmental":[299],"Protection":[300],"Agency":[301],"(SEPA)":[302],"allowed":[304],"communities":[305,354,446,569],"not":[307,514],"only":[308],"gather":[309],"but":[311],"also":[312],"transformed":[313],"way":[315],"is":[318],"recognized":[319],"as":[320],"freshwater":[323,344,369,486],"conservation.":[324],"Continued":[325],"investment":[326],"long-term":[328],"will":[330],"be":[331,492,581],"sustain":[334],"these":[335],"gains":[336],"realise":[338],"potential":[341],"citizen-driven":[343],"stewardship.":[345],"Author":[346],"Summary":[347],"In":[348],"this":[349],"study,":[350],"we":[351,419,524],"explore":[352],"help":[358],"protect":[359],"their":[363,571],"under":[372],"increasing":[373],"pressure":[374],"from":[375],"range":[377],"threats.":[379],"has":[381],"extensive":[383],"network":[384],"streams,":[388],"challenge":[391],"environment":[393],"provide":[396],"comprehensive":[397],"coverage":[399,513],"delivers":[401],"preventative":[405],"care":[406],"needed":[407],"keep":[409],"courses":[412],"optimal":[414],"To":[416],"address":[417],"this,":[418],"programme,":[426],"\u2018":[427],"\u2019,":[432],"showed":[434],"harnessing":[437],"local":[438,445,458],"knowledge":[439],"training":[442],"support,":[444],"collect":[448],"reliable":[450],"about":[452],"health,":[454],"contribute":[455],"meaningfully":[456],"stewardship,":[460],"successfully":[462],"engage":[463],"relevant":[466],"statutory":[467],"body,":[468],"SEPA.":[469],"2025":[473],"volunteers":[477],"learned":[478],"assess":[481],"counting":[485],"macroinvertebrates":[487],"known":[490],"sensitive":[493],"changes":[495],"quality.":[498],"Over":[499],"surveys":[501],"were":[502],"carried":[503],"out":[504],"sites,":[508],"possible":[515],"professional":[517],"alone.":[519],"Working":[520],"together":[521],"SEPA,":[523],"protocols":[526],"increase":[528],"robustness":[529],"consistency":[531],"scientists":[538],"share":[540],"information,":[541],"which":[542],"form":[544],"basis":[546],"further":[548],"actions.":[549],"Our":[550,573],"work":[551],"demonstrates":[552],"produce":[557],"data,":[559],"strengthen":[560],"existing":[561],"efforts,":[563],"build":[565],"stronger":[566],"connections":[567],"between":[568],"rivers.":[572],"works":[574],"highlights":[575],"scalable":[577],"model":[578],"could":[580],"implemented":[582],"widely":[583],"UK":[586],"beyond.":[588]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}
