{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204453631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","title":"Ethical Governance of Health Data in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"Ethical Governance of Health Data in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204453631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","pdf_url":"https://journal.sundarapublishing.com/index.php/heal/article/download/104/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064018","display_name":"Health Empathy and AI Learning (HEAL)","issn_l":"3163-267X","issn":["3163-267X","3163-2661"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health, Empathy, and AI Learning (HEAL)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journal.sundarapublishing.com/index.php/heal/article/download/104/113","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059921619","display_name":"Kristoko Dwi Hartomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-851X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-851X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157219812","display_name":"Satya Wacana Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/009nnre75","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157219812"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristoko Dwi Hartomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satya Wacana Christian University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-851X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satya Wacana Christian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157219812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033363691","display_name":"Daniel H. F. Manongga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7430-8740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7430-8740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157219812","display_name":"Satya Wacana Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/009nnre75","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157219812"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danny Manongga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satya Wacana Christian University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7430-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satya Wacana Christian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157219812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064770415","display_name":"Ageng Setiani Rafika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-7298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-7298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257179","display_name":"Universitas Raharja","ror":"https://ror.org/04zkdpw71","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257179"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ageng Setiani Rafika","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Raharja"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-7298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Raharja","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041310871","display_name":"Dwi Julianingsih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-4881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-4881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257179","display_name":"Universitas Raharja","ror":"https://ror.org/04zkdpw71","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257179"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dwi Julianingsih","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Raharja"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-4881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Raharja","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116566972","display_name":"Zeze Nanle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0104-1448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0104-1448"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeze Nanle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ilearning Incorporation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0104-1448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ilearning Incorporation","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5306,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65644353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.07850000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14029","display_name":"Thoreau and American Literature","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-data-governance","display_name":"health data governance","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare","display_name":"artificial intelligence in healthcare","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-security","display_name":"data security","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-consent","display_name":"patient consent","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-transparency","display_name":"algorithmic transparency","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-breaches","display_name":"data breaches","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-frameworks","display_name":"ethical frameworks","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-framework","display_name":"regulatory framework","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-ai","display_name":"trust in AI","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-norms","display_name":"moral norms","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7303000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196879817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872685","display_name":"Data governance","level":4,"score":0.7099000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6509000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017977704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18745135","display_name":"Health data","level":3,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189922023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056348","display_name":"Information governance","level":4,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993993938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical standards","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777896688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773715","display_name":"Clinical governance","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126086293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237151","display_name":"Medical ethics","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","pdf_url":"https://journal.sundarapublishing.com/index.php/heal/article/download/104/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064018","display_name":"Health Empathy and AI Learning (HEAL)","issn_l":"3163-267X","issn":["3163-267X","3163-2661"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health, Empathy, and AI Learning (HEAL)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68012/heal.v1i1.104","pdf_url":"https://journal.sundarapublishing.com/index.php/heal/article/download/104/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064018","display_name":"Health Empathy and AI Learning (HEAL)","issn_l":"3163-267X","issn":["3163-267X","3163-2661"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health, Empathy, and AI Learning (HEAL)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204453631.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204453631.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7222458888","https://openalex.org/W4410059116","https://openalex.org/W7134230301","https://openalex.org/W4414996719","https://openalex.org/W4406093000","https://openalex.org/W7222600372","https://openalex.org/W7216110871","https://openalex.org/W7202203471","https://openalex.org/W4403615121","https://openalex.org/W7171671159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,148],"integration":[1],"of":[2,27,39,45,79,91,99,125],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"in":[6,42,108,173],"healthcare":[7,81,109,137,175],"has":[8],"revolutionized":[9],"the":[10,24,37,43,48,61,76,97,123,151],"industry,":[11],"offering":[12],"new":[13],"opportunities":[14],"for":[15,153],"personalized":[16],"treatment,":[17],"early":[18],"disease":[19],"detection,":[20],"and":[21,55,75,96,102,122,139],"efficiency.":[22],"However,":[23],"ethical":[25,51,62,77,130],"management":[26],"health":[28,40,66,105],"data":[29,41,67,70,106,118,145,162],"remains":[30],"a":[31,89],"significant":[32],"challenge.":[33],"This":[34,58],"paper":[35],"explores":[36],"governance":[38,107,146],"context":[44],"AI,":[46],"emphasizing":[47],"balance":[49],"between":[50],"considerations,":[52],"privacy,":[53,71],"security,":[54],"technological":[56],"innovation.":[57,165],"research":[59],"investigates":[60],"issues":[63],"related":[64],"to":[65,134,143,159,170],"governance,":[68],"including":[69,117],"security":[72],"protocols,":[73],"consent,":[74,121],"implications":[78],"AI-driven":[80,174],"decisions.":[82],"A":[83],"qualitative":[84],"analysis":[85],"is":[86],"conducted":[87],"through":[88],"review":[90],"existing":[92],"literature,":[93],"case":[94],"studies,":[95],"examination":[98],"current":[100],"regulations":[101],"policies":[103],"surrounding":[104],"organizations":[110,138],"worldwide.":[111],"findings":[113],"highlight":[114],"critical":[115],"challenges,":[116],"breaches,":[119],"patient":[120,161],"transparency":[124],"AI":[126,140],"decision-making":[127],"processes.":[128],"Key":[129],"frameworks":[131,158],"are":[132,168],"proposed":[133],"ensure":[135],"that":[136],"developers":[141],"adhere":[142],"robust":[144],"policies.":[147],"study":[149],"suggests":[150],"need":[152],"stronger,":[154],"more":[155],"transparent":[156],"regulatory":[157],"protect":[160],"while":[163],"fostering":[164],"Ethical":[166],"guidelines":[167],"essential":[169],"maintaining":[171],"trust":[172],"solutions,":[176],"ensuring":[177],"they":[178],"benefit":[179],"patients":[180],"without":[181],"compromising":[182],"their":[183],"privacy.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}