{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204453133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1826629","title":"Interleukin-18 drives liver dysfunction and mortality in advanced chronic liver disease","display_name":"Interleukin-18 drives liver dysfunction and mortality in advanced chronic liver disease","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204453133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1826629"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0046-1826629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1826629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1826629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189922908","display_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie","issn_l":"0044-2771","issn":["0044-2771","1439-7803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075267409","display_name":"Aenne Harberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-8106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-8106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Harberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115945518","display_name":"Rut Schatzschneider","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Schatzschneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148453115","display_name":"C M\u00fcller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115945519","display_name":"Amanda Tolios","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Tolios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148436638","display_name":"T-S Phan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T-S Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148417838","display_name":"L Freund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Freund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028248878","display_name":"Elisabeth Zierz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Zierz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085727067","display_name":"L Fischer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik f\u00fcr Viszerale Transplantationschirurgie, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik f\u00fcr Viszerale Transplantationschirurgie, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058810962","display_name":"Martina R. Sterneck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-2746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-2746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Sterneck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik f\u00fcr Viszerale Transplantationschirurgie, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik f\u00fcr Viszerale Transplantationschirurgie, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103685773","display_name":"Pfister Stefan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137251492","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV)","ror":"https://ror.org/02r2q1d96","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137251492","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Pfister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Virologie, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Virologie, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137251492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036123005","display_name":"Pietro Scaturro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-3087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-3087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137251492","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV)","ror":"https://ror.org/02r2q1d96","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137251492","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Scaturro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Virologie, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Virologie, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137251492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026399951","display_name":"Julian Schulze zur Wiesch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-1938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-1938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115305","display_name":"German Center for Infection Research","ror":"https://ror.org/028s4q594","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115305","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Schulze zur Wiesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung, Standort Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany","Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung, Standort Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148448657","display_name":"A W Lohse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115305","display_name":"German Center for Infection Research","ror":"https://ror.org/028s4q594","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115305","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A W Lohse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung, Standort Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany","Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung, Standort Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091016746","display_name":"Samuel Huber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9325-8227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9325-8227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Huber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042291607","display_name":"F Piecha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Piecha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050067486","display_name":"Peter Huebener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-7625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-7625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P H\u00fcbener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, I. Medizinsche Klinik, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"08","first_page":"e380","last_page":"e380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-18","display_name":"IL-18","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-18-binding-protein","display_name":"IL-18BP","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-chronic-liver-disease","display_name":"advanced chronic liver disease","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-on-chronic-liver-failure","display_name":"acute-on-chronic liver failure","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-decompensation","display_name":"acute decompensation","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-inflammation","display_name":"systemic inflammation","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-dysfunction","display_name":"liver dysfunction","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mapk-signaling","display_name":"MAPK signaling","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-transcriptome","display_name":"liver transcriptome","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteomics","display_name":"proteomics","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity-markers","display_name":"disease severity markers","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-pugh-score","display_name":"Child-Pugh score","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991928575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver dysfunction","level":2,"score":0.5322999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984","display_name":"Chronic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908939727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970208","display_name":"Hepatic dysfunction","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987552334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383126","display_name":"Chronic disease","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994032529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673122","display_name":"Thyroid dysfunction","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018561737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver damage","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994427840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970208","display_name":"Liver failure","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0046-1826629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1826629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1826629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189922908","display_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie","issn_l":"0044-2771","issn":["0044-2771","1439-7803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406605892","https://openalex.org/W11308458","https://openalex.org/W3093189997","https://openalex.org/W4297834661","https://openalex.org/W2181671179","https://openalex.org/W2895930620","https://openalex.org/W4285085156","https://openalex.org/W7096325359","https://openalex.org/W2071495472","https://openalex.org/W2083811181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Regulatory":[1],"networks":[2],"underlying":[3,186],"distinct":[4],"phenotypes":[5],"of":[6,39,82,112,119,170,177,185,267,308,318],"advanced":[7,278],"chronic":[8],"liver":[9,23,178,300],"disease":[10,34,93,179,187,223,279],"(ACLD)":[11],"and":[12,21,50,76,84,92,123,135,139,145,152,189,215,225,232,261,270,294,302,321],"transitions":[13],"between":[14],"compensated":[15],"cirrhosis":[16,105],"(CC),":[17],"acute":[18,62],"decompensation":[19],"(AD),":[20],"acute-on-chronic":[22],"failure":[24],"(ACLF)":[25],"are":[26],"poorly":[27],"understood.":[28],"Systemic":[29],"inflammation":[30,91],"is":[31,70],"associated":[32,200],"with":[33,89,104,137,174,201,222],"progression,":[35],"but":[36,65],"the":[37,175,219,236],"contributions":[38],"individual":[40],"molecular":[41],"effectors":[42],"to":[43,85,162],"hepatic":[44,138,226,319],"dysfunction":[45,301,320],"remain":[46],"elusive.":[47],"Interleukin-18":[48],"(IL-18)":[49],"its":[51,271],"endogenous":[52],"inhibitor":[53],"IL-18":[54,75,122,172,196,217,268,296],"binding":[55],"protein":[56],"(IL-18BP)":[57],"have":[58],"been":[59],"implicated":[60],"in":[61,68,193,244,276,305,329],"inflammatory":[63,206,283],"states,":[64],"their":[66,87],"role":[67],"ACLD":[69,83,160],"unknown.":[71],"Aim:":[72],"To":[73],"characterize":[74],"IL-18BP":[77],"expression":[78,240],"patterns":[79],"across":[80],"stages":[81],"assess":[86,163],"association":[88,221],"systemic":[90,143],"severity.":[94],"Methods:":[95],"In":[96,235],"this":[97],"non-interventional":[98],"prospective":[99],"cohort":[100],"study,":[101],"122":[102],"patients":[103],"(CC":[106],"n=11,":[107],"AD":[108],"n=43,":[109],"ACLF":[110],"n=68)":[111],"various":[113],"etiologies":[114],"were":[115,125,156,190,198,288],"included.":[116],"Circulating":[117,293],"markers":[118,207],"inflammation,":[120,144],"including":[121],"IL-18BP,":[124],"quantified":[126],"by":[127,230,247],"ELISA":[128],"or":[129],"obtained":[130],"from":[131],"clinical":[132,146,303],"laboratory":[133],"measurements":[134],"correlated":[136],"extrahepatic":[140],"organ":[141],"dysfunction,":[142,227],"outcomes.":[147],"Bulk":[148],"RNA":[149],"sequencing":[150],"(n=30)":[151],"proteomic":[153,262],"(n=88)":[154],"analyses":[155,263],"performed":[157],"on":[158],"human":[159],"explants":[161],"intrahepatic":[164,295],"pathway":[165,275],"activation.":[166],"Results:":[167],"Plasma":[168],"levels":[169,197,297],"free":[171],"increased":[173,192,249,256],"severity":[176],"stage":[180,224],"(CC,":[181],"AD,":[182],"ACLF),":[183],"independent":[184],"etiology,":[188],"particularly":[191],"ACLF,":[194,245],"where":[195],"strongly":[199],"short-term":[202],"mortality.":[203],"Across":[204],"all":[205],"examined":[208],"(including":[209],"WBC,":[210],"CRP,":[211],"IL-6,":[212],"sCD14,":[213],"IFN-\u03b3,":[214],"TNF-\u03b1),":[216],"exhibited":[218],"strongest":[220],"as":[228,314],"indicated":[229],"Child\u2013Pugh":[231],"MELD":[233],"scores.":[234],"liver,":[237],"IL18":[238],"mRNA":[239],"was":[241],"significantly":[242,290],"upregulated":[243],"accompanied":[246],"an":[248],"IL18/IL18BP":[250],"ratio,":[251],"indicating":[252],"a":[253,315,323],"shift":[254],"toward":[255],"bioactive":[257],"IL-18.":[258],"Integrated":[259],"transcriptomic":[260],"demonstrated":[264],"selective":[265],"activation":[266],"signaling":[269,274,310],"downstream":[272],"MAPK":[273],"more":[277],"stages,":[280],"whereas":[281],"canonical":[282],"pathways":[284,311],"(IFN-\u03b3,":[285],"TNF-\u03b1,":[286],"IL-6)":[287],"not":[289],"enriched.":[291],"Conclusion:":[292],"closely":[298],"reflect":[299],"outcomes":[304],"ACLD.":[306],"Activation":[307],"IL-18-associated":[309],"may":[312],"act":[313],"central":[316],"driver":[317],"constitutes":[322],"promising":[324],"target":[325],"for":[326],"liver-directed":[327],"therapies":[328],"ACLF.":[330],"Publication":[331],"History":[332],"Article":[333],"published":[334],"online:":[335],"27":[336],"August":[337],"2026":[338],"\u00a9":[339],"2026.":[340],"Thieme.":[341],"All":[342],"rights":[343],"reserved.":[344],"Georg":[345],"Thieme":[346],"Verlag":[347],"KG":[348],"Oswald-Hesse-Stra\u00dfe":[349],"50,":[350],"70469":[351],"Stuttgart,":[352],"Germany":[353]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}