{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204450089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097","title":"Structural transformation of hydroxyapatite into an active calcium sulfate catalyst for efficient biodiesel production from high free fatty acid feedstocks","display_name":"Structural transformation of hydroxyapatite into an active calcium sulfate catalyst for efficient biodiesel production from high free fatty acid feedstocks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204450089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164770093","display_name":"Fuel","issn_l":"0016-2361","issn":["0016-2361","1873-7153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fuel","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054647649","display_name":"Ichraq El yaakouby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ichraq El yaakouby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), Laboratory of Materials Engineering for the Environment and Valorization (GeMEV), Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock., Maarif, Morocco","Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), Laboratory of Materials Engineering for the Environment and Valorization (GeMEV), Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock., Maarif, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056042118","display_name":"Jihane Kouar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihane Kouar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074765769","display_name":"Yosra Raji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-7892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-7892","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-4894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yosra raji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), Laboratory of Materials Engineering for the Environment and Valorization (GeMEV), Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock., Maarif, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), Laboratory of Materials Engineering for the Environment and Valorization (GeMEV), Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock., Maarif, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111143419","display_name":"Said Meftah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0327-7547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0327-7547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145365","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Hassan 1er","ror":"https://ror.org/03cdvht47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Said meftah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hassan First University, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Applied Chemistry and Environment Laboratory, Settat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hassan First University, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Applied Chemistry and Environment Laboratory, Settat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044498724","display_name":"Y. Abouliatim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3463-8427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3463-8427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younes Abouliatim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009313765","display_name":"Miloudi Hla\u00efbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-7855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-7855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miloudi Hlaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), Laboratory of Materials Engineering for the Environment and Valorization (GeMEV), Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock., Maarif, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), Laboratory of Materials Engineering for the Environment and Valorization (GeMEV), Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock., Maarif, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040159951","display_name":"Noureddine Kamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-4195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-4195"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noureddine Kamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Process, Mechanics, Materials and Industrial Engineering (LP2MGI), High School of Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040159951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"430","issue":null,"first_page":"141097","last_page":"141097"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11351","display_name":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11831","display_name":"Chemical Synthesis and Reactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel-production","display_name":"biodiesel production","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palm-fatty-acid-distillate","display_name":"palm fatty acid distillate","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-free-fatty-acid-feedstock","display_name":"high free fatty acid feedstock","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esterification","display_name":"esterification","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-recycling","display_name":"catalyst recycling","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-stability","display_name":"catalyst stability","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-energy","display_name":"activation energy","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-kinetics","display_name":"reaction kinetics","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"thermodynamics","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hammett-acidity-function","display_name":"Hammett acidity function","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicochemical-properties-of-biodiesel","display_name":"physicochemical properties of biodiesel","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66910140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905957","display_name":"Biodiesel production","level":4,"score":0.7117999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.673799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.6550999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993655865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190878","display_name":"Active carbon","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780209386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425125","display_name":"Fatty acid methyl ester","level":4,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777241282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591576","display_name":"Transesterification","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991944050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534","display_name":"Reaction conditions","level":3,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164770093","display_name":"Fuel","issn_l":"0016-2361","issn":["0016-2361","1873-7153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fuel","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.807699978351593,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1177893584","https://openalex.org/W1976138628","https://openalex.org/W2010510410","https://openalex.org/W2079327677","https://openalex.org/W2080217741","https://openalex.org/W2227295066","https://openalex.org/W2283654295","https://openalex.org/W2510877295","https://openalex.org/W2578719055","https://openalex.org/W2769460539","https://openalex.org/W2918677438","https://openalex.org/W2921730312","https://openalex.org/W2922239897","https://openalex.org/W2938376090","https://openalex.org/W2975758928","https://openalex.org/W3011461663","https://openalex.org/W3165416132","https://openalex.org/W3199337169","https://openalex.org/W3202815879","https://openalex.org/W3203279174","https://openalex.org/W3209163714","https://openalex.org/W4280517770","https://openalex.org/W4304687867","https://openalex.org/W4311156261","https://openalex.org/W4313200675","https://openalex.org/W4317929989","https://openalex.org/W4319786213","https://openalex.org/W4385210595","https://openalex.org/W4386089922","https://openalex.org/W4386625847","https://openalex.org/W4387532952","https://openalex.org/W4389805704","https://openalex.org/W4390198750","https://openalex.org/W4391474957","https://openalex.org/W4394893748","https://openalex.org/W4396855936","https://openalex.org/W4399697705","https://openalex.org/W4400645718","https://openalex.org/W4400721262","https://openalex.org/W4401363124","https://openalex.org/W4406789113","https://openalex.org/W4407120706","https://openalex.org/W4408061106","https://openalex.org/W4408992104","https://openalex.org/W4411198228","https://openalex.org/W4411676239","https://openalex.org/W4413941978","https://openalex.org/W4416163650","https://openalex.org/W7081978253","https://openalex.org/W7118728623","https://openalex.org/W7122441874","https://openalex.org/W7127597706","https://openalex.org/W7130938378","https://openalex.org/W7131674160","https://openalex.org/W7131799227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097440841","https://openalex.org/W7113000642","https://openalex.org/W7144079367","https://openalex.org/W2609623676","https://openalex.org/W4386912203","https://openalex.org/W4396855936","https://openalex.org/W7221569157","https://openalex.org/W2899392218","https://openalex.org/W2003204858","https://openalex.org/W6995540705"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}