{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204450027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579","title":"Piloting the Operationalisation of the Construct of Medical Wisdom to Develop a New Scale (MD-WISE)","display_name":"Piloting the Operationalisation of the Construct of Medical Wisdom to Develop a New Scale (MD-WISE)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204450027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.53300/001c.163579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579","pdf_url":"https://ajce.scholasticahq.com/article/163579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216992","display_name":"Australian Journal of Clinical Education","issn_l":"2207-4791","issn":["2207-4791"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317956","host_organization_name":"Bond University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bond University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian Journal of Clinical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ajce.scholasticahq.com/article/163579.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014763433","display_name":"Carmelle Peisah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-7001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-7001"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmelle Peisah","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Sydney"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-7001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Sydney","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120186254","display_name":"Keanu Crous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2432-2706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2432-2706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keanu Crous","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2432-2706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045990617","display_name":"Miranda Sollychin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miranda Sollychin","raw_affiliation_strings":["South West Healthcare"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South West Healthcare","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088288672","display_name":"Kelvin CY Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-3147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-3147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin C Y Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-3147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60242005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.24400000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.24400000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.12890000641345978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.07810000330209732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflective-practice","display_name":"reflective practice","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-care","display_name":"self-care","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respect-for-patient-autonomy","display_name":"respect for patient autonomy","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentic-leadership","display_name":"authentic leadership","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicians","display_name":"physicians","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-validity","display_name":"construct validity","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-development","display_name":"professional development","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.7046999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.7041000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5594000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669245","display_name":"Item analysis","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019806175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11974939","display_name":"Health professionals","level":3,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205333247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1602656","display_name":"Self-assessment","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992860105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631392","display_name":"Subject matter","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993312423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical practice","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.53300/001c.163579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579","pdf_url":"https://ajce.scholasticahq.com/article/163579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216992","display_name":"Australian Journal of Clinical Education","issn_l":"2207-4791","issn":["2207-4791"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317956","host_organization_name":"Bond University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bond University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian Journal of Clinical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.53300/001c.163579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.163579","pdf_url":"https://ajce.scholasticahq.com/article/163579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216992","display_name":"Australian Journal of Clinical Education","issn_l":"2207-4791","issn":["2207-4791"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317956","host_organization_name":"Bond University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bond University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian Journal of Clinical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204450027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204450027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146498994","https://openalex.org/W166676164","https://openalex.org/W201910419","https://openalex.org/W1552691761","https://openalex.org/W1553243973","https://openalex.org/W1968177718","https://openalex.org/W1975496413","https://openalex.org/W1988747059","https://openalex.org/W1988927210","https://openalex.org/W1990674276","https://openalex.org/W2039616154","https://openalex.org/W2067543520","https://openalex.org/W2129286247","https://openalex.org/W2154563310","https://openalex.org/W2155524043","https://openalex.org/W2155733376","https://openalex.org/W2162093641","https://openalex.org/W2169346246","https://openalex.org/W2309008355","https://openalex.org/W2591652826","https://openalex.org/W2750656653","https://openalex.org/W2776304045","https://openalex.org/W2791974577","https://openalex.org/W2904384582","https://openalex.org/W2911508426","https://openalex.org/W2955407476","https://openalex.org/W3014055350","https://openalex.org/W3024850888","https://openalex.org/W4200194843","https://openalex.org/W4210748199","https://openalex.org/W4324128818","https://openalex.org/W4380048370","https://openalex.org/W4386408477","https://openalex.org/W4388723806","https://openalex.org/W4403559188","https://openalex.org/W4405293690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410104942","https://openalex.org/W2750656653","https://openalex.org/W3008322724","https://openalex.org/W2102371531","https://openalex.org/W4411904601","https://openalex.org/W935344334","https://openalex.org/W3216616666","https://openalex.org/W1964559142","https://openalex.org/W2338097438","https://openalex.org/W3164632582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"In":[1],"increasingly":[2],"complex":[3],"and":[4,17,54,73,183,191,229,234,301],"stressed":[5],"health":[6,133],"environments,":[7],"medical":[8,51,116,313],"practice":[9],"requires":[10],"more":[11],"from":[12,75,129],"doctors":[13,127],"than":[14],"just":[15],"knowledge":[16],"skills.":[18],"Much":[19],"has":[20],"been":[21],"written":[22],"of":[23,31,97,115,126,165,303],"wisdom,":[24],"although":[25],"there":[26],"is":[27],"a":[28,56,67,89,94,103,130,151,196,210,216,290,297],"striking":[29],"absence":[30],"reflection":[32],"on":[33,71,122],"its":[34],"potential":[35,316],"occupational":[36],"application,":[37],"particularly":[38],"in":[39,135,204,248],"medicine.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42],"aimed":[43],"to":[44,49,111,194],"adapt":[45],"the":[46,50,59,141,156,200,266],"wisdom":[47],"construct":[48,167,305],"professional":[52,319],"setting":[53],"develop":[55],"new":[57],"scale,":[58],"Medical":[60,292],"Wisdom":[61,82,293],"Scale":[62,83],"(MD-WISE).":[63],"Method":[64],"We":[65,288],"developed":[66,289],"prototype":[68,105,143],"questionnaire":[69],"based":[70],"domains":[72,114],"items":[74,109,184,308],"an":[76],"existing":[77],"validated":[78,189],"tool\u2014the":[79],"San":[80],"Diego":[81],"(SD-WISE)":[84],"(Thomas":[85],"et":[86],"al.,":[87],"2019)\u2014and":[88],"Delphi-style":[90],"consensus":[91],"process":[92],"with":[93,273,296,311,315],"diverse":[95],"range":[96],"selected":[98],"subject":[99],"matter":[100],"experts,":[101],"yielding":[102],"56-item":[104,142],"scale.":[106,198],"These":[107],"candidate":[108],"mapped":[110],"nine":[112],"putative":[113],"wisdom.":[117],"The":[118,242],"scale":[119,219,269,294],"was":[120],"tested":[121,203],"two":[123],"independent":[124],"samples":[125],"recruited":[128],"large":[131],"urban":[132],"district":[134],"Sydney,":[136],"Australia:":[137],"Sample":[138,148,174,205],"1":[139,175],"completed":[140,150],"for":[144,239,318],"initial":[145],"item":[146,153],"screening;":[147],"2":[149,206],"reduced":[152],"set":[154],"alongside":[155],"Authentic":[157],"Leadership":[158],"Self":[159,233],"Assessment":[160],"Questionnaire":[161],"(ALSAQ)":[162],"as":[163],"part":[164],"assessing":[166],"validity.":[168],"Results":[169],"Despite":[170],"extensive":[171],"recruitment":[172],"strategies,":[173],"data":[176],"(n=64)":[177],"precluded":[178],"explorative":[179],"factor":[180],"analysis":[181],"(EFA)":[182],"were":[185],"screened":[186],"using":[187],"alternative":[188],"qualitative":[190],"quantitative":[192],"approaches":[193],"generate":[195],"20-item":[197,201],"From":[199],"version":[202],"(n=174),":[207],"EFA":[208],"supported":[209],"four-factor":[211,299],"structure.":[212],"Iterative":[213],"refinement":[214],"yielded":[215],"final":[217,267],"13-item":[218,243],"(MD-WISE-13)":[220,295],"comprising":[221],"four":[222],"factors:":[223],"(i)":[224],"Clinical":[225],"Composure,":[226],"(ii)":[227],"Insightful":[228],"Reflective":[230],"Practice,":[231],"(iii)":[232],"Family":[235],"Care,":[236],"(iv)":[237],"Respect":[238],"Patient":[240],"Autonomy.":[241],"model":[244],"demonstrated":[245,270],"good":[246,304],"fit":[247],"CFA":[249],"(\u03c7\u00b2":[250],"=":[251,254,257,260,263],"66.42,":[252],"p":[253,281],".003;":[255],"CFI":[256],".965;":[258],"TLI":[259],".950;":[261],"RMSEA":[262],".066).":[264],"Furthermore,":[265],"MD-WISE":[268],"convergent":[271],"validity":[272],"ALSAQ":[274],"total":[275],"scores":[276],"(Pearson\u2019s":[277],"coefficient":[278],"r":[279],"=0.53,":[280],"<0.001,":[282],"95%":[283],"Confidence":[284],"Interval:":[285],"0.414-0.630).":[286],"Conclusions":[287],"pragmatic":[291],"stable":[298],"structure":[300],"evidence":[302],"validity,":[306],"measuring":[307],"that":[309],"resonate":[310],"contemporary":[312],"practice,":[314],"use":[317],"development.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}