{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204445135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.24997","title":"Anti-Ultralocality and Plateau Models of Inflation","display_name":"Anti-Ultralocality and Plateau Models of Inflation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204445135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.24997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.24997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24997","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.24997","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.24997","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114426774","display_name":"Joshua Shterenberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shterenberg, Joshua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060052069","display_name":"David Garfinkle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-774X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-774X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garfinkle, David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester , MI 48309 , USA","Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics , Randall Laboratory of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester , MI 48309 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics , Randall Laboratory of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140435921","display_name":"Anna I. Rosenzweig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosenzweig, Anna I.","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA Corporation , 2788 San Tomas Expressway , Santa Clara , CA 95051 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA Corporation , 2788 San Tomas Expressway , Santa Clara , CA 95051 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000719625","display_name":"David Shlivko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-1282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-1282"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shlivko, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073079318","display_name":"Paul Joseph Steinhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-1603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-1603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steinhardt, Paul J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflationary-models","display_name":"inflationary models","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalar-field-inflation","display_name":"scalar field inflation","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor-to-scalar-ratio","display_name":"tensor-to-scalar ratio","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decelerating-expansion","display_name":"decelerating expansion","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/einstein-scalar-field-equations","display_name":"Einstein-scalar field equations","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-relativity","display_name":"numerical relativity","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173153575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576923","display_name":"Inflaton","level":3,"score":0.9405999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200941418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508","display_name":"Inflation (cosmology)","level":2,"score":0.6678000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457948","display_name":"Flatness (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146846114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901448","display_name":"Einstein","level":2,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166126730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725309","display_name":"Planck","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149324446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514","display_name":"Theory of relativity","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273711","display_name":"Einstein field equations","level":3,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144386022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332997","display_name":"Scale factor (cosmology)","level":5,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122527463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578430","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108568745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181","display_name":"Quantum gravity","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983502797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828402","display_name":"Energy density","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779513878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631916","display_name":"Output gap","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.24997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24997","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.24997","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.24997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.24997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.24997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.24997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24997","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.24997","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1899455246","display_name":"A SILICON-DRIFT-CHAMBER, A PARALLEL COMPUTER FORM, & READOUTDEVELOPMENT FOR AN ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER FOR THE SSC.","funder_award_id":"FG0291ER40671","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G222768804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010FG02\u2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2886579126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"654561","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204445135.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204445135.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986970933","https://openalex.org/W2008767471","https://openalex.org/W2073009683","https://openalex.org/W2079614197","https://openalex.org/W2080327797","https://openalex.org/W2115754103","https://openalex.org/W2117078172","https://openalex.org/W2146108213","https://openalex.org/W2218756649","https://openalex.org/W2222326619","https://openalex.org/W2518382521","https://openalex.org/W2776551452","https://openalex.org/W2981530476","https://openalex.org/W3034815778","https://openalex.org/W3109701385","https://openalex.org/W3135623547","https://openalex.org/W3202102945","https://openalex.org/W4366733084","https://openalex.org/W4380853491","https://openalex.org/W4382542382","https://openalex.org/W4387618947","https://openalex.org/W4401076220","https://openalex.org/W4406232374","https://openalex.org/W7155983820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3103738361","https://openalex.org/W2537856105","https://openalex.org/W3004669151","https://openalex.org/W7221523163","https://openalex.org/W2281366881","https://openalex.org/W3100688863","https://openalex.org/W4414886120","https://openalex.org/W3195161469","https://openalex.org/W2758495233","https://openalex.org/W3047500502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anti-ultralocality":[0],"refers":[1],"to":[2,10,65,70,83,135,164,191],"the":[3,14,28,41,67,89,92,95,106,110,116,124,154,160,185,199,212],"growth":[4,155],"of":[5,24,30,43,91,99,103,126,156,179,187,202],"spatial":[6],"gradient":[7,157],"terms":[8,12,158,166],"relative":[9,163],"velocity":[11],"in":[13,45,129,159],"coupled":[15],"Einstein--scalar":[16],"field":[17],"equations.":[18],"It":[19],"is":[20,204],"a":[21,72,120,136,140,177],"characteristic":[22],"feature":[23],"decelerated":[25],"expansion":[26],"before":[27],"onset":[29,42],"inflation.":[31],"Previous":[32],"numerical":[33,143],"relativity":[34,144],"studies":[35],"have":[36],"shown":[37],"that":[38,56,184],"anti-ultralocality":[39,84],"prevents":[40,168],"inflation":[44,169,203],"models":[46,57,128],"with":[47,58],"power-law":[48],"inflaton":[49,60],"potentials.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,118,132],"show":[55,183],"plateau-shaped":[59],"potentials,":[61],"which":[62],"are":[63,80,88],"considered":[64],"be":[66],"simplest":[68],"way":[69],"generate":[71],"tensor-to-scalar":[73,213],"ratio":[74],"below":[75],"current":[76],"observational":[77],"upper":[78],"limits,":[79],"especially":[81],"vulnerable":[82],"effects.":[85],"The":[86],"reasons":[87],"flatness":[90],"plateau":[93,111,137],"and":[94,109,131],"energy":[96,200],"density":[97,108],"gap":[98],"$\\sim":[100],"10$":[101],"orders":[102],"magnitude":[104],"between":[105],"Planck":[107],"potential":[112,138],"energy.":[113],"To":[114],"study":[115],"problem,":[117],"develop":[119],"protocol":[121],"for":[122,172,210],"assessing":[123],"viability":[125],"inflationary":[127],"general,":[130],"apply":[133],"it":[134],"using":[139],"previously":[141],"validated":[142],"code.":[145],"We":[146,182],"find":[147],"that,":[148],"starting":[149],"from":[150,170],"generic":[151],"initial":[152,188],"conditions,":[153],"Einstein":[161],"equations":[162],"non-gradient":[165],"either":[167],"lasting":[171],"enough":[173],"$e$-folds":[174],"or":[175],"triggers":[176],"phase":[178],"quantum":[180],"runaway.":[181],"fine-tuning":[186],"conditions":[189],"necessary":[190],"avoid":[192],"these":[193],"issues":[194],"becomes":[195],"more":[196],"severe":[197],"as":[198],"scale":[201],"made":[205],"smaller,":[206],"disfavoring":[207],"common":[208],"approaches":[209],"reducing":[211],"ratio.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}