{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204440318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3449","title":"Genomic predisposition is associated with the direction of sex chromosome evolution","display_name":"Genomic predisposition is associated with the direction of sex chromosome evolution","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204440318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42658954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.aec3449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002437998","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-5049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-5049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153646","display_name":"BGI Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05gsxrt27","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, China","State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-5049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001120611","display_name":"Jiazheng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6384-3496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6384-3496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257986","display_name":"BGI Research, Wuhan","ror":"https://ror.org/05x3m4218","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646","https://openalex.org/I4405257986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiazheng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["BGI Research, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6384-3496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BGI Research, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034546845","display_name":"Chuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5563-162X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5563-162X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5563-162X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013448719","display_name":"Olga Dudchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-9544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-9544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145836","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Biological Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04hfg7v94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370","https://openalex.org/I4210145836","https://openalex.org/I44461941","https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Dudchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-9544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145836","https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063641614","display_name":"Brendan J. Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4243-5788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4243-5788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316248717","display_name":"Milwaukee Public Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/00aqz1698","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316248717"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan J. Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4243-5788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316248717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048146560","display_name":"Zane Colaric","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-9616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-9616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zane Colaric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-9616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067418244","display_name":"Ruqayya Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-8761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-8761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruqayya Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-8761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022264639","display_name":"Arina D. Omer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-2505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-2505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arina D. Omer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-2505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420277","display_name":"Xuemei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-8403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-8403","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-6514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-6514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452571","display_name":"Zhenzhen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8533-7407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8533-7407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8533-7407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784707","display_name":"Li Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-8414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-8414","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0280-5398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0280-5398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148446652","display_name":"Wanyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7164-1640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7164-1640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153646","display_name":"BGI Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05gsxrt27","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7164-1640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102815327","display_name":"Lichun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6217-8109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6217-8109","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4604-3332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4604-3332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028927411","display_name":"Zhangyue Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangyue Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039103742","display_name":"David Weisz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-6672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-6672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145836","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Biological Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04hfg7v94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370","https://openalex.org/I4210145836","https://openalex.org/I44461941","https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Weisz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-6672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145836","https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021373459","display_name":"Yun Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-0527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-0527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152908","display_name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5etv87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152908"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-0527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109154908","display_name":"Yin Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-2307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-2307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152908","display_name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5etv87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152908"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-2307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148421461","display_name":"Zhengqing Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5995-5374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5995-5374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153646","display_name":"BGI Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05gsxrt27","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengqing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China","State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5995-5374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147190785","display_name":"yudian peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153646","display_name":"BGI Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05gsxrt27","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudian Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I4387153646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032652664","display_name":"Zexian Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-368X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-368X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137217","display_name":"Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042t7yh44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137217"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexian Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Women\u2019s Hospital and Center of Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-368X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Women\u2019s Hospital and Center of Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137217","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049962877","display_name":"Qi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-2047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-2047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137217","display_name":"Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042t7yh44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137217"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Women\u2019s Hospital and Center of Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-2047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Women\u2019s Hospital and Center of Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137217","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351050","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1378-1825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1378-1825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1378-1825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088536927","display_name":"Xiaosong Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-6275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-6275","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-987X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-6275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000902169","display_name":"Stuart V. Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-1469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-1469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26489229","display_name":"Louisiana State University in Shreveport","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4cbt39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26489229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart V. Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Museum of Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-1469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Museum of Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I26489229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014793129","display_name":"Aaron H. Griffing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-1330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-1330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316248717","display_name":"Milwaukee Public Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/00aqz1698","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316248717"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron H. Griffing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA","Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-1330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316248717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077263123","display_name":"Tariq Ezaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-1347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-1347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Ezaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-1347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011498365","display_name":"Arthur Georges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-0361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-0361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur Georges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-0361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001135252","display_name":"Ian G. Brennan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-5224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-5224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Brennan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004683234","display_name":"Erez Lieberman Aiden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-6486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-6486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145836","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Biological Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04hfg7v94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370","https://openalex.org/I4210145836","https://openalex.org/I44461941","https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erez Lieberman Aiden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-6486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145836","https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008122831","display_name":"Tony Gamble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-8003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-8003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316248717","display_name":"Milwaukee Public Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/00aqz1698","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316248717"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152231","display_name":"Bell Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/01zn7ya31","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I4387152231"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Gamble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA","Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA","Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-8003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I4387152231"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316248717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068026656","display_name":"Peng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-4902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-4902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18489884","display_name":"Kunming Institute of Zoology","ror":"https://ror.org/03m0vk445","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18489884","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China","State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-4902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18489884","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056861386","display_name":"Guojie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-1521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-1521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137217","display_name":"Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042t7yh44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137217"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China","Women\u2019s Hospital and Center of Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-1521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Women\u2019s Hospital and Center of Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137217","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":30,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001120611","https://openalex.org/A5002437998","https://openalex.org/A5056861386","https://openalex.org/A5068026656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I18489884","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137217","https://openalex.org/I4387153646","https://openalex.org/I4405257986","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77958863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"393","issue":"6814","first_page":"eaec3449","last_page":"eaec3449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11077","display_name":"Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11077","display_name":"Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10434","display_name":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-chromosome-evolution","display_name":"sex chromosome evolution","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geckos","display_name":"geckos","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xy-sex-determination","display_name":"XY sex determination","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zw-sex-determination","display_name":"ZW sex determination","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dosage-balance","display_name":"dosage balance","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogametic-sex","display_name":"heterogametic sex","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-miocene-climatic-transition","display_name":"Middle Miocene Climatic Transition","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosome-level-genome","display_name":"chromosome-level genome","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36217612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747181","display_name":"Heterogametic sex","level":4,"score":0.8996999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30481170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748","display_name":"Chromosome","level":3,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137273181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915088","display_name":"Evolution of sexual reproduction","level":3,"score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781011139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181537","display_name":"Amniote","level":4,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780246931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202771","display_name":"Y chromosome","level":3,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174600577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533491","display_name":"Genome evolution","level":4,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909524676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135752","display_name":"W chromosome","level":5,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103435993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837783","display_name":"Heterochromatin","level":4,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60613675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142188","display_name":"Sex linkage","level":4,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166393388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856529","display_name":"Molecular evolution","level":4,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35158069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61333","display_name":"X chromosome","level":3,"score":0.26339998841285706}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008116","descriptor_name":"Lizards","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012730","descriptor_name":"Sex Chromosomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016678","descriptor_name":"Genome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019849","descriptor_name":"Sex Determination Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.aec3449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42658954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42658954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3016341946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1657662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337400","funder_display_name":"Division of Environmental Biology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G508817667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Q-1866","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306196","funder_display_name":"Welch Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7103847288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JYB2025XDXM508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7512505692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32388102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306196","display_name":"Welch Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00np6vq88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337400","display_name":"Division of Environmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/03g87he71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":171,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128985141","https://openalex.org/W332373330","https://openalex.org/W1519070664","https://openalex.org/W1596062789","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1967329722","https://openalex.org/W1967470558","https://openalex.org/W1968127440","https://openalex.org/W1969301281","https://openalex.org/W1973062929","https://openalex.org/W1974926090","https://openalex.org/W1981301360","https://openalex.org/W1983161375","https://openalex.org/W1983275320","https://openalex.org/W1983824560","https://openalex.org/W1984104678","https://openalex.org/W1989396009","https://openalex.org/W1992861365","https://openalex.org/W1993616323","https://openalex.org/W1996700726","https://openalex.org/W2006134581","https://openalex.org/W2015255221","https://openalex.org/W2017932310","https://openalex.org/W2020452253","https://openalex.org/W2024249418","https://openalex.org/W2025546493","https://openalex.org/W2027648691","https://openalex.org/W2032906571","https://openalex.org/W2037954120","https://openalex.org/W2038473742","https://openalex.org/W2040303365","https://openalex.org/W2041445337","https://openalex.org/W2043285995","https://openalex.org/W2044069071","https://openalex.org/W2050533959","https://openalex.org/W2050545982","https://openalex.org/W2055043387","https://openalex.org/W2055132992","https://openalex.org/W2055666215","https://openalex.org/W2058770491","https://openalex.org/W2067507052","https://openalex.org/W2078808130","https://openalex.org/W2084421430","https://openalex.org/W2088273761","https://openalex.org/W2089920619","https://openalex.org/W2095312765","https://openalex.org/W2096128575","https://openalex.org/W2097065948","https://openalex.org/W2098971486","https://openalex.org/W2100363512","https://openalex.org/W2102619694","https://openalex.org/W2104005232","https://openalex.org/W2104085780","https://openalex.org/W2104188779","https://openalex.org/W2107320771","https://openalex.org/W2108615748","https://openalex.org/W2108787198","https://openalex.org/W2109183032","https://openalex.org/W2110335151","https://openalex.org/W2110392562","https://openalex.org/W2112132489","https://openalex.org/W2112814753","https://openalex.org/W2115888213","https://openalex.org/W2126419817","https://openalex.org/W2131772459","https://openalex.org/W2136145671","https://openalex.org/W2140656514","https://openalex.org/W2141307855","https://openalex.org/W2141771954","https://openalex.org/W2143037254","https://openalex.org/W2143420603","https://openalex.org/W2147255366","https://openalex.org/W2149992227","https://openalex.org/W2151529778","https://openalex.org/W2155150900","https://openalex.org/W2156125289","https://openalex.org/W2156967983","https://openalex.org/W2170551349","https://openalex.org/W2179438025","https://openalex.org/W2184510510","https://openalex.org/W2323326409","https://openalex.org/W2324627172","https://openalex.org/W2396077153","https://openalex.org/W2466949490","https://openalex.org/W2481029670","https://openalex.org/W2493763501","https://openalex.org/W2518888217","https://openalex.org/W2538143681","https://openalex.org/W2581073094","https://openalex.org/W2585727019","https://openalex.org/W2654359665","https://openalex.org/W2745645027","https://openalex.org/W2749530326","https://openalex.org/W2750218245","https://openalex.org/W2789843538","https://openalex.org/W2789849365","https://openalex.org/W2792387031","https://openalex.org/W2801159594","https://openalex.org/W2801361050","https://openalex.org/W2891341289","https://openalex.org/W2895721938","https://openalex.org/W2914012904","https://openalex.org/W2923975552","https://openalex.org/W2927036568","https://openalex.org/W2949867654","https://openalex.org/W2950354111","https://openalex.org/W2951322997","https://openalex.org/W2953159153","https://openalex.org/W2953226067","https://openalex.org/W2964849163","https://openalex.org/W2965879979","https://openalex.org/W2980501037","https://openalex.org/W2988396470","https://openalex.org/W2989820735","https://openalex.org/W2992976869","https://openalex.org/W3002362821","https://openalex.org/W3005235420","https://openalex.org/W3016662794","https://openalex.org/W3025449462","https://openalex.org/W3036398610","https://openalex.org/W3042698870","https://openalex.org/W3043813420","https://openalex.org/W3049406222","https://openalex.org/W3081571358","https://openalex.org/W3084856838","https://openalex.org/W3088073071","https://openalex.org/W3094685575","https://openalex.org/W3101518221","https://openalex.org/W3113087152","https://openalex.org/W3120532189","https://openalex.org/W3121798738","https://openalex.org/W3121931833","https://openalex.org/W3131055609","https://openalex.org/W3157122502","https://openalex.org/W3159728495","https://openalex.org/W3165344401","https://openalex.org/W3175616293","https://openalex.org/W3175954693","https://openalex.org/W3177531190","https://openalex.org/W3183355418","https://openalex.org/W3184793058","https://openalex.org/W3185003045","https://openalex.org/W3196977980","https://openalex.org/W3214909687","https://openalex.org/W3217213230","https://openalex.org/W4220790563","https://openalex.org/W4249468678","https://openalex.org/W4281774994","https://openalex.org/W4282052143","https://openalex.org/W4288468261","https://openalex.org/W4307849037","https://openalex.org/W4309075458","https://openalex.org/W4322739504","https://openalex.org/W4323438782","https://openalex.org/W4362636132","https://openalex.org/W4379162609","https://openalex.org/W4386845225","https://openalex.org/W4387011851","https://openalex.org/W4390608966","https://openalex.org/W4391915547","https://openalex.org/W4394666350","https://openalex.org/W4394892730","https://openalex.org/W4395675017","https://openalex.org/W4400778981","https://openalex.org/W4401066947","https://openalex.org/W4401071632","https://openalex.org/W4402760904","https://openalex.org/W4403488371","https://openalex.org/W6969214100","https://openalex.org/W6998306979","https://openalex.org/W7135028474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165344401","https://openalex.org/W4313825875","https://openalex.org/W2944100461","https://openalex.org/W6981661458","https://openalex.org/W3094685575","https://openalex.org/W2025546493","https://openalex.org/W4281774994","https://openalex.org/W2084421430","https://openalex.org/W3195459318","https://openalex.org/W1984983056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sex":[0,115],"chromosome":[1,97,116],"evolution":[2,117],"is":[3,70],"among":[4],"the":[5,58,73,112],"most":[6],"dynamic":[7],"genomic":[8,123],"innovations":[9],"in":[10,46,111],"vertebrates,":[11],"yet":[12],"why":[13],"some":[14],"lineages":[15],"evolve":[16,20,82,105],"XY":[17],"while":[18],"others":[19],"ZW":[21,84],"remains":[22],"unclear.":[23],"Using":[24],"chromosome-level":[25],"genomes":[26],"from":[27,38,121],"19":[28],"geckos,":[29],"we":[30],"found":[31],"that":[32],"gecko":[33],"sex":[34,96,102],"chromosomes":[35],"originated":[36],"independently":[37],"16":[39],"ancestral":[40,122],"chromosomes.":[41],"Their":[42],"origins":[43,55],"are":[44],"nonrandom":[45],"both":[47],"time":[48],"and":[49,85,125],"direction.":[50],"Five":[51],"of":[52,75],"11":[53],"datable":[54],"coincide":[56],"near":[57],"Middle":[59],"Miocene":[60],"Climatic":[61],"Transition":[62],"(~10":[63],"million":[64],"years":[65],"ago).":[66],"Ancestral":[67],"gene":[68],"content":[69],"associated":[71],"with":[72,77,100],"direction":[74],"evolution,":[76],"testis-enriched":[78],"regions":[79,87],"tending":[80],"to":[81],"into":[83,88],"testis-depleted":[86],"XY,":[89],"a":[90],"pattern":[91],"observed":[92],"across":[93],"multiple":[94],"amniote":[95],"origins.":[98],"Geckos":[99],"genetic":[101],"determination":[103],"repeatedly":[104],"partial":[106],"dosage":[107],"balance":[108],"through":[109],"up-regulation":[110],"heterogametic":[113],"sex.":[114],"thus":[118],"follows":[119],"constraints":[120],"predisposition":[124],"environmental":[126],"context.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-28T00:00:00"}