{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204367443","doi":null,"title":"Determination of a pilot sample size to determine the sample size of a substantive trial","display_name":"Determination of a pilot sample size to determine the sample size of a substantive trial","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204367443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwe-repository.worktribe.com:11145301","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/11145301/1/Determination%20of%20a%20pilot%20sample%20size%20to%20determine%20the%20sample%20size%20of%20a%20substantive%20trial","pdf_url":"https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/preview/12708510/Scholastica%20C.%20Obodo%20-%20Thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401464","display_name":"UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","host_organization_name":"University of the West of England","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/preview/12708510/Scholastica%20C.%20Obodo%20-%20Thesis.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002284496","display_name":"Scholastica C. Obodo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","display_name":"University of the West of England","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwg5t34","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Obodo, Scholastica C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Mathematics , University of the West of England , Bristol , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Mathematics , University of the West of England , Bristol , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002284496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilot-study","display_name":"pilot study","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-calculation","display_name":"sample size determination","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-arm-trials","display_name":"two-arm trials","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimal-clinically-important-difference","display_name":"minimal clinically important difference","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-variation","display_name":"coefficient of variation","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-confidence-limit","display_name":"upper confidence limit","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-study","display_name":"simulation study","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.8986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994","display_name":"Standard error","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89838059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623738","display_name":"Coefficient of variation","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205167067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3300636","display_name":"Interval estimation","level":3,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uwe-repository.worktribe.com:11145301","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/11145301/1/Determination%20of%20a%20pilot%20sample%20size%20to%20determine%20the%20sample%20size%20of%20a%20substantive%20trial","pdf_url":"https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/preview/12708510/Scholastica%20C.%20Obodo%20-%20Thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401464","display_name":"UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","host_organization_name":"University of the West of England","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwe-repository.worktribe.com:11145301","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/11145301/1/Determination%20of%20a%20pilot%20sample%20size%20to%20determine%20the%20sample%20size%20of%20a%20substantive%20trial","pdf_url":"https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/preview/12708510/Scholastica%20C.%20Obodo%20-%20Thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401464","display_name":"UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","host_organization_name":"University of the West of England","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320668","display_name":"University of the West of England","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwg5t34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204367443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204367443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204338896","https://openalex.org/W3209182090","https://openalex.org/W2238780624","https://openalex.org/W2061036515","https://openalex.org/W4377862454","https://openalex.org/W3091795501","https://openalex.org/W4413054648","https://openalex.org/W2088018369","https://openalex.org/W2170036462","https://openalex.org/W3161897772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,29],"intends":[2],"to":[3,13,40,166,226],"determine":[4,16],"the":[5,17,22,31,51,62,86,95,104,113,117,127,143,153,171,177,187,212,218,229,244,259],"appropriate":[6],"sample":[7,19,92,106,119,183,292],"sizes":[8,293],"for":[9,21,231,274],"two-arm":[10],"pilot":[11,105],"studies":[12],"help":[14],"correctly":[15],"required":[18],"size":[20,93,107,120,184],"corresponding":[23],"substantive":[24],"or":[25],"definitive":[26],"trial.":[27],"Previous":[28],"in":[30,169,264,268,284,290,300],"area":[32],"has":[33,99,108],"been":[34],"reviewed.":[35],"R":[36],"programming":[37],"is":[38,47,132,193,207],"used":[39,165,299],"undertake":[41],"simulation":[42],"studies.":[43],"The":[44,195,278],"first":[45],"study":[46,60,285],"an":[48],"investigation":[49],"of":[50,64,91,129,155,179,182,214,220,243,246],"procedure":[52],"proposed":[53,238],"by":[54],"Browne":[55,65,130],"(1995).":[56],"Results":[57],"from":[58,151],"this":[59,141,160,256],"confirm":[61],"work":[63,203],"and":[66,81,103,157,159,253,271,294],"show":[67],"that":[68,198],"alpha":[69],"(nominal":[70,76],"Type":[71,77],"I":[72],"error":[73,79,87,114,265],"rate),":[74,80],"beta":[75],"II":[78],"effectsize":[82,276],"do":[83],"not":[84,202,297],"affect":[85],"associated":[88,115],"with":[89,116],"estimation":[90,185],"using":[94,122,239,251],"method.":[96],"Desired":[97],"coverage":[98],"a":[100,109],"moderate":[101],"effect,":[102],"big":[110,291],"effect":[111],"on":[112],"predicted":[118],"when":[121,186,205],"Browne\u2019s":[123,199,269],"formula.":[124],"In":[125,209],"general,":[126],"approach":[128,148,162],"(1995)":[131],"valid":[133],"but":[134,223],"gives":[135],"very":[136],"large":[137,275],"incorrect":[138],"estimates.":[139],"For":[140],"reason,":[142],"Goldilocks":[144],"(\u201cjust":[145],"about":[146],"right\u201d)":[147],"was":[149,217,249,282],"developed":[150,283],"quantifying":[152],"degree":[154],"underestimation":[156],"overestimation":[158],"new":[161,235,257],"may":[163],"be":[164,298],"guide":[167],"researchers":[168],"controlling":[170],"excess":[172],"margin.":[173],"Study":[174,232],"2":[175],"compared":[176],"performance":[178],"four":[180,221],"methods":[181,236],"Minimum":[188],"Clinical":[189],"Importance":[190],"Difference":[191],"(MCID)":[192],"unknown.":[194,208],"results":[196,289],"showed":[197],"method":[200,270],"does":[201],"effectively":[204],"MCID":[206],"these":[210],"situations,":[211],"use":[213],"Hedge\u2019s":[215],"correction":[216],"best":[219],"formulae":[222],"still":[224],"led":[225],"overestimation.":[227],"Hence":[228],"need":[230],"3":[233],"where":[234],"are":[237],"upper":[240],"confidence":[241],"limit":[242],"coefficient":[245],"variation":[247],"which":[248],"presented":[250],"examples":[252],"simulations.":[254],"Using":[255],"approach,":[258],"parameter":[260],"had":[261],"similar":[262],"impact":[263],"margin":[266],"as":[267],"performed":[272],"well":[273],"only.":[277],"multiplier":[279],"critical":[280],"table":[281],"4":[286],"however":[287],"it":[288],"therefore":[295],"would":[296],"practice.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-16T18:09:00.828671","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}
