{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204274158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","title":"How do insects pollinate flowers? Behaviour during visitation determines high pollination efficiency by a generalist insect","display_name":"How do insects pollinate flowers? Behaviour during visitation determines high pollination efficiency by a generalist insect","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204274158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2435.70426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174303711","display_name":"Functional Ecology","issn_l":"0269-8463","issn":["0269-8463","1365-2435"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143870459","display_name":"Martha Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3248-430X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3248-430X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martha Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3248-430X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124590620","display_name":"Lorraine; id_orcid 0000-0002-1978-1009 Scott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorraine Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083649227","display_name":"Isabella Capellini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-2436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-2436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella Capellini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-2436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77923199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"10","first_page":"3213","last_page":"3224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollination-efficiency","display_name":"pollination efficiency","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episyrphus-balteatus","display_name":"Episyrphus balteatus","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strawberry","display_name":"strawberry","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollen-transfer","display_name":"pollen transfer","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nectar-feeding","display_name":"nectar feeding","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollen-feeding","display_name":"pollen feeding","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grooming","display_name":"grooming","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-weight","display_name":"fruit weight","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-set","display_name":"seed set","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalist-pollinators","display_name":"generalist pollinators","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-services","display_name":"ecosystem services","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollinator-exclusion","display_name":"pollinator exclusion","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168197293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134624","display_name":"Pollination","level":3,"score":0.9193999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9158999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102789151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141466","display_name":"Pollinator","level":4,"score":0.8087000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45371612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058587","display_name":"Generalist and specialist species","level":3,"score":0.7746000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932","display_name":"Pollen","level":2,"score":0.6050999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777612826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1390","display_name":"Insect","level":2,"score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137793583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171934","display_name":"Nectar","level":3,"score":0.5281000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46909016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220319","display_name":"Zoophily","level":5,"score":0.5148000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117376503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751093","display_name":"Reproductive success","level":3,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92929424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7225600","display_name":"Pollen source","level":5,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779316655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5647099","display_name":"Hand-pollination","level":5,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32317807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503359","display_name":"Self-pollination","level":4,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25407","display_name":"Bumblebee","level":5,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171205284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725616","display_name":"Plant reproduction","level":4,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131751744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186368","display_name":"Mutualism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778788030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745","display_name":"Fragaria","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2435.70426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174303711","display_name":"Functional Ecology","issn_l":"0269-8463","issn":["0269-8463","1365-2435"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/ea50789d-2a44-4e4b-92b8-006225fffc33","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/ea50789d-2a44-4e4b-92b8-006225fffc33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fox, M, Scott, L & Capellini, I 2026, 'How do insects pollinate flowers? Behaviour during visitation determines high pollination efficiency by a generalist insect', Functional Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2435.70426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174303711","display_name":"Functional Ecology","issn_l":"0269-8463","issn":["0269-8463","1365-2435"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.40450000762939453,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5160931348800659,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314014","display_name":"Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, UK Government","ror":"https://ror.org/01jksdf22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585343411","https://openalex.org/W1982502168","https://openalex.org/W1986044371","https://openalex.org/W1993585455","https://openalex.org/W2009472332","https://openalex.org/W2009916175","https://openalex.org/W2022108567","https://openalex.org/W2029462972","https://openalex.org/W2033006287","https://openalex.org/W2058377917","https://openalex.org/W2069547193","https://openalex.org/W2085208013","https://openalex.org/W2099150972","https://openalex.org/W2100135944","https://openalex.org/W2138747635","https://openalex.org/W2148534890","https://openalex.org/W2148557365","https://openalex.org/W2164897517","https://openalex.org/W2172251342","https://openalex.org/W2187279102","https://openalex.org/W2307686301","https://openalex.org/W2611657069","https://openalex.org/W2746485780","https://openalex.org/W2749069611","https://openalex.org/W2751993675","https://openalex.org/W2791063294","https://openalex.org/W2968619018","https://openalex.org/W2991457054","https://openalex.org/W3002364566","https://openalex.org/W3166897683","https://openalex.org/W4309333460","https://openalex.org/W4362561208","https://openalex.org/W4381434584","https://openalex.org/W4386404851","https://openalex.org/W4391428694","https://openalex.org/W4399142217","https://openalex.org/W4408678249","https://openalex.org/W4409055325","https://openalex.org/W4410298313","https://openalex.org/W4411440268","https://openalex.org/W4412354989","https://openalex.org/W7166841381"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Ecosystem":[1],"services":[2],"provide":[3],"essential":[4],"benefits":[5],"to":[6,15,91,95,270],"human":[7],"survival":[8],"and":[9,73,107,135,161,179,188,214,217,231,258,288,309,339],"well\u2010being.":[10],"Animal":[11],"behaviour":[12,28,48,281],"is":[13,33,140],"central":[14],"the":[16,82,108,210,262,343,352],"delivery":[17],"of":[18,45,110,113,126,131,212,222,228,333],"many":[19,191],"ecosystem":[20],"services,":[21],"yet":[22],"we":[23,80,102],"know":[24],"little":[25],"about":[26],"how":[27,46,279],"drives":[29,285],"services'":[30],"provision.":[31],"Pollination":[32],"often":[34],"mediated":[35],"by":[36,121,171,209,324],"insect":[37],"foraging;":[38],"however,":[39],"despite":[40],"extensive":[41],"research,":[42],"our":[43,276,297],"understanding":[44],"pollinators'":[47,280],"during":[49,282,303],"a":[50,117,129,152,249,327],"single":[51,61,118,250],"flower":[52,283,304],"visit":[53,120,236,251],"determines":[54],"plant":[55,162],"reproductive":[56],"success":[57],"remains":[58],"limited.":[59],"Using":[60],"visit,":[62],"pollination":[63,97,133,205,246,271,307,334],"efficiency":[64,134,206,308],"experiments":[65],"with":[66,124,155,180,189],"marmalade":[67,241],"hoverflies":[68,172,242],"(":[69,75],"Episyrphus":[70],"balteatus":[71],")":[72],"strawberries":[74],"Fragaria":[76],"\u00d7":[77],"ananassa":[78],"),":[79],"tested":[81],"hypothesis":[83],"that":[84,125,139,142,168,175,200,240,254,264,300],"longer":[85],"time":[86],"spent":[87],"performing":[88],"behaviours":[89,199,224,253,302,320],"relevant":[90],"pollen":[92,215,259],"transfer":[93],"leads":[94],"higher":[96],"efficiency.":[98],"To":[99],"this":[100,349],"end":[101],"compared":[103],"fruit":[104,229],"weight":[105,230],"(g)":[106],"number":[109],"fertilised":[111,183,192],"seeds":[112,184,193],"virgin":[114],"flowers":[115,141,169],"following":[116],"uninterrupted":[119],"one":[122],"fly":[123],"hand\u2010pollinated":[127,195],"flowers,":[128,204],"measure":[130],"maximal":[132],"two":[136],"negative":[137],"controls,":[138,187],"were":[143,176,225],"not":[144,293,315],"cross\u2010pollinated.":[145],"A":[146],"linear":[147],"mixed":[148],"effect":[149,160,166],"model":[150],"in":[151,247],"Bayesian":[153],"framework":[154],"treatment":[156],"group":[157],"as":[158,164,190,194],"fixed":[159],"identity":[163],"random":[165],"revealed":[167],"visited":[170],"produced":[173],"fruits":[174],"70\u201385%":[177],"heavier":[178],"64\u201382%":[181],"more":[182],"than":[185,234],"pollinator\u2010excluded":[186],"flowers.":[196],"Among":[197],"all":[198],"flies":[201],"performed":[202],"on":[203,351],"was":[207],"predicted":[208],"durations":[211,221],"nectar":[213],"feeding":[216],"stigma\u2010oriented":[218],"grooming.":[219],"The":[220],"these":[223,265,319],"stronger":[226],"predictors":[227],"seed":[232],"count":[233],"total":[235],"duration.":[237],"We":[238],"conclude":[239],"deliver":[243],"highly":[244],"efficient":[245],"just":[248],"through":[252],"promote":[255],"stigma":[256],"contact":[257],"transfer,":[260],"challenging":[261],"assumption":[263],"generalist":[266],"insects":[267],"contribute":[268],"significantly":[269],"only":[272],"when":[273],"abundant.":[274],"Ultimately,":[275,296],"study":[277,298],"reveals":[278],"visitation":[284,305],"service":[286,335],"provision":[287,336],"explains":[289],"why":[290,311],"visits":[291,313],"are":[292,314],"functionally":[294,316],"equivalent.":[295,317],"shows":[299],"specific":[301],"determine":[306],"explain":[310],"individual":[312],"Because":[318],"can":[321],"be":[322],"altered":[323],"anthropogenic":[325],"stressors,":[326],"behavioural":[328],"perspective":[329],"will":[330],"improve":[331],"predictions":[332],"across":[337],"species":[338],"ecological":[340],"contexts.":[341],"Read":[342],"free":[344],"Plain":[345],"Language":[346],"Summary":[347],"for":[348],"article":[350],"Journal":[353],"blog.":[354]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}