{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204273223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178","title":"Comprehensive in vitro study of the bioactive components and pharmacological interactions of Zingiber officinale rhizome extracts","display_name":"Comprehensive in vitro study of the bioactive components and pharmacological interactions of Zingiber officinale rhizome extracts","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204273223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407046167","display_name":"Journal of Diversity Studies","issn_l":"3041-5357","issn":["3041-5357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diversity Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136368834","display_name":"Nikita M. Jain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53465836","display_name":"Bangalore University","ror":"https://ror.org/050j2vm64","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53465836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikita M. Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53465836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002624135","display_name":"B P Harini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-3411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-3411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53465836","display_name":"Bangalore University","ror":"https://ror.org/050j2vm64","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53465836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. P. Harini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53465836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53465836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"178","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12347","display_name":"Ginger and Zingiberaceae research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12347","display_name":"Ginger and Zingiberaceae research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11979","display_name":"Garlic and Onion Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13037","display_name":"Piperaceae Chemical and Biological Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ginger","display_name":"ginger","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ginger-rhizome","display_name":"ginger rhizome","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingerol","display_name":"gingerol","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6-shogaol","display_name":"6-shogaol","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zingiberene","display_name":"zingiberene","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytochemical-profile","display_name":"phytochemical composition","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholinesterase-inhibition","display_name":"acetylcholinesterase inhibition","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-extraction","display_name":"solvent extraction","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-extract","display_name":"ethanol extract","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.9070000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195475562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639139","display_name":"Phytochemical","level":2,"score":0.864799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.8070999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134550120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184208","display_name":"Rhizome","level":2,"score":0.7991999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.7555000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781031786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287582","display_name":"ABTS","level":4,"score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.6668999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778816929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679","display_name":"Acetylcholinesterase","level":3,"score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5666000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776789170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37021","display_name":"Zingiberaceae","level":3,"score":0.5357000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994357274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35625","display_name":"Zingiber officinale","level":2,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780161600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153","display_name":"Ethanol","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33618052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6013136","display_name":"In vitro toxicology","level":3,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777752497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286779","display_name":"IC50","level":3,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160492267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319616","display_name":"Pharmacognosy","level":4,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10675206","display_name":"Ingredient","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188840","display_name":"Medicinal plants","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51470/jod.2026.5.2.178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407046167","display_name":"Journal of Diversity Studies","issn_l":"3041-5357","issn":["3041-5357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diversity Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.766700029373169,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388921028","https://openalex.org/W7204497408","https://openalex.org/W3189076941","https://openalex.org/W2611507721","https://openalex.org/W4416688743","https://openalex.org/W3081736430","https://openalex.org/W2012416205","https://openalex.org/W2092995205","https://openalex.org/W6980563080","https://openalex.org/W7216876385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Ginger":[1],"[Zingiber":[2],"officinale]":[3],"is":[4],"profusely":[5],"employ":[6],"as":[7,13,25],"spice":[8],"in":[9,17,28,119,142,177,224,230],"culinary":[10],"preparations":[11],"and":[12,38,53,85,115,124,191,199,204,206,227],"a":[14,32],"vital":[15],"ingredient":[16],"folk":[18],"medicine":[19],"throughout":[20],"the":[21,48,94,101,121,136,151,155,178,213],"world.":[22],"Phytocomponents":[23],"such":[24],"gingerols":[26],"present":[27],"ginger":[29,58,218],"rhizomes":[30],"exhibit":[31],"mitigating":[33],"effect":[34],"against":[35],"cellular":[36],"oxidation":[37],"reduce":[39],"age-related":[40],"oxidative":[41,235],"stress":[42],"markers.":[43],"Objectives:":[44],"This":[45],"investigation":[46],"determines":[47],"phytochemical":[49,68,107],"composition,":[50],"antioxidant":[51,133,203],"ability":[52],"acetylcholinesterase":[54,137,207],"inhibitory":[55,89,138,208],"activity":[56,90,139],"of":[57,78,111,154,172,217],"rhizome":[59],"extracts":[60,80,130],"prepared":[61],"using":[62,72,83,93],"eight":[63],"different":[64],"solvents.":[65],"Methodology:":[66],"The":[67,106,180,195],"screening":[69,108],"was":[70,81,91,98,140,162],"performed":[71,99],"simple":[73],"qualitative":[74],"tests.":[75],"Antioxidant":[76],"potential":[77,229],"these":[79],"studied":[82],"DPPH":[84,123],"ABTS":[86,125],"assays.":[87],"Acetylcholinesterase":[88],"analyzed":[92],"Ellman":[95],"method.":[96],"GC-MS":[97],"on":[100],"most":[102],"potent":[103],"extract.":[104,148,179],"Results:":[105],"confirmed":[109],"presence":[110],"bioactive":[112,196],"components,":[113],"flavonoids":[114],"phenols,":[116],"among":[117],"others,":[118],"all":[120],"extracts.":[122],"analysis":[126],"revealed":[127],"that":[128],"ethanolic":[129,143],"had":[131],"higher":[132],"potential.":[134],"Also,":[135],"enhanced":[141],"extracts,":[144],"specially":[145],"90%":[146,158],"ethanol":[147,159],"Owing":[149],"to":[150,164,201,234],"superior":[152],"outcomes":[153],"assays":[156],"for":[157],"extract,":[160],"it":[161],"subjected":[163],"gas":[165],"chromatography-mass":[166],"spectrometry":[167],"(GC-MS)":[168],"technique.":[169],"A":[170],"total":[171],"35":[173],"compounds":[174,182,197],"were":[175],"identified":[176],"main":[181],"detected":[183,198],"were:":[184],"6-shogaol":[185],"(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one),":[186],"zingiberene":[187],"(1,3-cyclohexadiene,":[188],"5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-,":[189],"[S-(R*,)]*),":[190],"[S]-6-gingerol":[192],"((5S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)decan-3-one).":[193],"Conclusion:":[194],"reported":[200],"show":[202],"neuroprotective,":[205],"properties.":[209],"These":[210],"results":[211],"reiterate":[212],"immense":[214],"beneficial":[215],"properties":[216],"rhizome,":[219],"which":[220],"reinforces":[221],"its":[222,228],"use":[223],"medicinal":[225],"practices":[226],"combating":[231],"diseases":[232],"related":[233],"stress.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}