{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204269498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","title":"Valence bias arises from both positive and negative responses to ambiguous stimuli","display_name":"Valence bias arises from both positive and negative responses to ambiguous stimuli","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204269498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42718480","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13553364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018183608","display_name":"Jordan E. Pierce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-3640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-3640","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4368-5981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jordan E. Pierce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020101178","display_name":"Nicholas R. Harp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-9309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-9309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas R. Harp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051095866","display_name":"James J. Gross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-3090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-3090","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-6559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014176601","display_name":"Maital Neta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-0963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-0963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maital Neta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018183608"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62870165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1832043","last_page":"1832043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.18649999797344208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.06419999897480011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence-bias","display_name":"valence bias","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-ambiguity","display_name":"emotional ambiguity","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguous-stimuli","display_name":"ambiguous stimuli","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-alternative-forced-choice","display_name":"two-alternative forced choice","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotions-in-decision-making","display_name":"emotional decision-making","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.8866999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8424999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778282304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302","display_name":"Negativity bias","level":2,"score":0.5846999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113318","display_name":"Emotional valence","level":3,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302","display_name":"Negativity effect","level":2,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189216375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127759","display_name":"Cognitive bias","level":3,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129484327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177603","display_name":"Social perception","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13553364","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13553364/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13553364/pdf/fpsyg-17-1832043.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42718480","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42718480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38b4cacd995749abb952aa5272e0ed04","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38b4cacd995749abb952aa5272e0ed04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1832043/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1400277470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1752848","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4849384910","display_name":"CAREER: Functional Brain Networks Mediating Positivity Bias in Healthy Aging","funder_award_id":"1752848","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6510616550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIMH111640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204269498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204269498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548390378","https://openalex.org/W1557839980","https://openalex.org/W1588403970","https://openalex.org/W1974787912","https://openalex.org/W1983730559","https://openalex.org/W1996299251","https://openalex.org/W2013438164","https://openalex.org/W2020737982","https://openalex.org/W2037755177","https://openalex.org/W2041662102","https://openalex.org/W2041952049","https://openalex.org/W2043037790","https://openalex.org/W2050350414","https://openalex.org/W2062530052","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2069569416","https://openalex.org/W2073208685","https://openalex.org/W2073641759","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2088092198","https://openalex.org/W2088511157","https://openalex.org/W2093500627","https://openalex.org/W2098958400","https://openalex.org/W2102770351","https://openalex.org/W2114190694","https://openalex.org/W2123798823","https://openalex.org/W2132406025","https://openalex.org/W2138384349","https://openalex.org/W2152264416","https://openalex.org/W2158609788","https://openalex.org/W2158810025","https://openalex.org/W2159516675","https://openalex.org/W2165418599","https://openalex.org/W2274642938","https://openalex.org/W2325961294","https://openalex.org/W2486403776","https://openalex.org/W2527712041","https://openalex.org/W2553119366","https://openalex.org/W2747118274","https://openalex.org/W2765681349","https://openalex.org/W2803980637","https://openalex.org/W2807983775","https://openalex.org/W2809619531","https://openalex.org/W2897312833","https://openalex.org/W2915179069","https://openalex.org/W2949392115","https://openalex.org/W2977029382","https://openalex.org/W2986285117","https://openalex.org/W2990313943","https://openalex.org/W2995699592","https://openalex.org/W3015702244","https://openalex.org/W3106026632","https://openalex.org/W3109307667","https://openalex.org/W3114849620","https://openalex.org/W3119703605","https://openalex.org/W3130393965","https://openalex.org/W3174636827","https://openalex.org/W3176503793","https://openalex.org/W3179469730","https://openalex.org/W3209999078","https://openalex.org/W4206935934","https://openalex.org/W4234193547","https://openalex.org/W4281551631","https://openalex.org/W4283739351","https://openalex.org/W4292731340","https://openalex.org/W4294877277","https://openalex.org/W4308769266","https://openalex.org/W4313215146","https://openalex.org/W4313236379","https://openalex.org/W4320486518","https://openalex.org/W4385617427","https://openalex.org/W4388734449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6987819016","https://openalex.org/W7166334970","https://openalex.org/W7147532476","https://openalex.org/W4313236379","https://openalex.org/W4252711001","https://openalex.org/W2765681349","https://openalex.org/W2325961294","https://openalex.org/W2596421794","https://openalex.org/W2197494186","https://openalex.org/W6961180913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Individuals":[1,119],"vary":[2],"in":[3,80,88,156,159,215],"their":[4],"tendency":[5],"to":[6,150],"interpret":[7],"emotionally":[8],"ambiguous":[9,61,179],"stimuli":[10,62,180],"as":[11,21,173,183],"relatively":[12],"more":[13,56,65,112,122,142,162],"positive":[14,83,95,113,123,132,151,185],"or":[15,77],"negative,":[16],"a":[17,64,78,82,111,121,128,141,147,160,174],"trait-like":[18],"difference":[19],"known":[20],"\"valence":[22],"bias.\"":[23],"To":[24],"date,":[25],"research":[26],"on":[27,188,212],"valence":[28,36,67,124,144,177,216],"bias":[29,114,125,214],"has":[30],"relied":[31],"upon":[32],"two-alternative":[33],"forced-choice":[34],"(2AFC)":[35],"decisions":[37],"that":[38,193,202],"conflate":[39],"the":[40,45,89,101,116],"presence":[41],"of":[42,47,60,74,100,107,176,205],"positivity":[43],"with":[44,110,120,140],"absence":[46],"negativity,":[48],"and":[49,92,96,135,186,209],"vice":[50],"versa.":[51],"This":[52],"is":[53],"problematic":[54],"because":[55],"frequent":[57],"negative":[58,66,72,97,143,187],"judgments":[59],"(i.e.,":[63],"bias)":[68],"could":[69],"represent":[70],"true":[71],"appraisals":[73,204],"those":[75,109],"stimuli,":[76],"difficulty":[79],"identifying":[81],"appraisal.":[84],"Methods:":[85],"=":[86],"508":[87],"respective":[90],"studies)":[91],"provided":[93],"separate":[94],"unipolar":[98,133,189],"ratings":[99,134],"same":[102],"stimuli.":[103],"Results:":[104],"low":[105],"endorsement":[106],"positivity;":[108],"showed":[115],"opposite":[117],"pattern.":[118],"also":[126],"exhibited":[127],"stronger":[129],"relationship":[130],"between":[131],"2AFC":[136],"categorization":[137],"than":[138],"individuals":[139],"bias,":[145,178],"suggesting":[146],"greater":[148],"sensitivity":[149],"appraisals.":[152],"These":[153],"results":[154,200],"replicated":[155],"Study":[157],"2":[158],"larger,":[161],"diverse":[163],"sample":[164],"using":[165],"unique":[166],"stimulus":[167],"sets.":[168],"Discussion:":[169],"Despite":[170],"individual":[171,213],"differences":[172],"function":[175],"were":[181],"endorsed":[182],"both":[184],"scales,":[190],"refuting":[191],"claims":[192],"they":[194],"might":[195],"be":[196],"\"valence-free.\"":[197],"Collectively,":[198],"these":[199],"demonstrated":[201],"multiple":[203],"ambiguity":[206],"are":[207],"recognized":[208],"weighted":[210],"based":[211],"processing":[217],"during":[218],"affective":[219],"decision-making.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}